i need to summarize a literature article for no more than a half page and its about a shoe taking power from piezo discs
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Walking based wearable mobile phone charger and lightening system
Conference Paper · November 2014
DOI: 10.13140/2.1.5058.6409
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Harsh Pandey
Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar
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Arpan Gupta
Indian Institute of Technology Mandi
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Walking based wearable mobile phone charger and lightening system
Harsh pandey, Ishan khan, Arpan gupta Department of Mechanical Engineering
Graphic Era University Dehradun, India
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract — In today’s hectic lifestyle, health has been seriously hampered due to sedentary work. This paper represents an idea of walking based wearable piezoelectric device that provides an alternate means for powering mobile phone batteries. Moreover, it simultaneously serves another purpose of providing an emergency torch. Since, the mechanism of the device is based on walking; the device promotes human metabolism as well as physical fitness. Hence, it can be seen as an e-health gadget that encourages walking exercise as a means to power emergency torch and mobile phone batteries. The portable device comprises of a piezoelectric power generator, connectors for charging different mobile phone batteries and a Light Emitting Diode (LED) embedded in shoe for providing emergency torch. Piezoelectric circuit harvests energy from user’s trotter movement. This energy is amplified, rectified by using a DC convertor and then regulated to 4.2 volts which is required by a Li ion mobile battery. By using this device, a man weighing 60 Kg can charge a 800mAh capacity battery in 2.6 hours by normal walking.
Keywords—piezoelectric disc; LED, energy harvesting, DC conversion circuit, alternate energy source.
I. INTRODUCTION The busy lifestyle of today’s world has made people
neglect their health. As people are working very hard, and have a sedentary lifestyle, they are falling prey to many health and coronary problems[1]. Numerous diseases such as back ache, indigestion, head ace, obesity, high blood pressure etc., are consequence of lack of physical exercise in the body [2]. Researchers have shown that walking is one of the most important and health enhancing exercise [3]. Development of technology has made us lazier and physically unfit. Here we propose a walking based mobile phone charging device that enhances physical exercise from the user and also provide for alternate source of energy.
Also, mobile phones have become an integral part of one’s life. Charging mobile phone is a time consuming process. It requires user attention, appropriate socket (country specific) and electrical connectivity which are some constraints in charging mobile phones. The increase in energy consumption in mobile phones is in alarming rate. A recent study at the
“Global conference Wikimedia 2014 London” says out of 100 citizens in the world 97 are the mobile phone users[4]. A problem arises when such an enormous use of mobile phones is not completely supported by their fast discharging batteries. Charging mobile phone requires user attention, it requires appropriate socket and electrical connectivity. Particularly for tourists, mountaineers and villages, it provides specific constraints in charging mobile phones. These difficulties are encountered in charging mobile phone from time to time.
In recent years, a lot of alternate means have been proposed to provide emergency power for charging mobile phones. The means with renewable and sustainable features has attracted as increasing interest in last few years. One such means is the extraction of human power using piezoelectric harvester. In past years, many human powered generator and human powered harvesting system has been proposed [5][6]. Harvesting kinetic energy is promising because of abundant motion and vibration in the ankle which produces moderate power. Solar power extraction is a useful and efficient technique but it is a dependent source. In recent years, lot have research have been made for generating power from vibrational energy [7]. A Li-ion battery which is discharged to 3.2 volt can be charged up to 3.6 volt through 2 hours when a human whose weight is 60 kg walk with the speed of 23 steps/sec [8]. Though, the speed is difficult to achieve during walking. Alternate power has also been achieved using thermal gradients, internal lightning and radio frequency waves [9]. But the power available by these methods is lower than their kinetic counter parts. Also using piezoelectric polymer transducer energy is harvested from human walk without affecting user’s gate. The obtained energy is rectified with 65% efficiency and regulated to 4V [10]. But, it serves only a single purpose of charging mobile phone with a lesser efficiency. Also in some past work, miniaturized mobile electronic system such as biomedical drug delivery implants [11], acceleration and pressure monitoring sensors [12],[13]have been suggested. But they have short operational lives due to the deficiency of storage space.
This utility model comprises of a piezoelectric transducer, amplification and rectification circuit, light emitting diode (LED) and connectors. A switch is provided to operate the emergency torch. The user can easily charge their mobile
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phone by normal walking. Moreover, he can use it as an emergency torch by simply pressing the switch provided in his shoe. According to the study made in this paper, a man weighing 60 Kg can charge 800mAh capacity battery in 2.6 hours by normal walking. Further, the charging time can be reduced to 1.8 hours in running at the rate of 10 – 12 Km per hour.
II. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF DUAL WORKING GADGET
A. Principle The basic principle involved is the conversion of human
mechanical power into electrical signals. This mechanical power comes from human walk. Now , this mechanical energy in terms of vibrations is fed to the piezoelectric disc (Fig. 1) that transforms these vibrations into useful electric power. This output of the transducer is amplified, rectified and regulated to a value sufficient enough to charge a mobile phone battery and provide emergency light. The input energy is purely a mechanical one that comes from user’s motion and gets converted into the required signals via piezoelectric harvesting system. The charging time of the mobile phone and the intensity of torch light depend on the frequency and amplitude of vibration provided to the transducer. So, if the speed of user’s motion is increased the output of the device can be enhanced.
Figure 1 Piezoelectric disc.
B. Design The circuit of the device mainly consist of a piezoelectric
harvesting system, Darlington transistor (Fig. 2), an amplifier (dual op-amp) (Fig. 3), rectifier circuit (Fig. 4), regulating IC, LED and a switch. A capacitor (1000 F) is used to store the electric charge so that when the person is not in motion the power is continually supplied. The piezoelectric disc is equipped in the interface between the bottom and upper part of the sole. LED is fitted at the front part of the shoe which behaves as an emergency torch. The whole circuit is made on a small chip and is fitted at the back part of the shoe. Different connectors for charging mobile phone batteries can be taken out from the shoe. A switch is also provided in the circuit for the user to decide whether he wants to charge his mobile phone or to operate the emergency light.
Figure 2 Darlington transistor
Figure 3 Voltage amplification circuit.
Figure 4 Rectification circuit.
C. Working The working of the gadget is totally based on human
power. As a person walks, mechanical stresses are induced in his feet which are transmitted to the piezoelectric disc which is embedded in the shoe. This vibrational energy is converted into electrical energy by the transducer. The output of the transducer is fed into the harvesting circuit that consists of three main parts namely, voltage amplification, rectification (DC conversion), and current amplification. In normal walking condition for a 60 Kg man the disc produces a voltage of 1.5V-2V. This voltage is amplified up to 10V by using a suitable resistance arrangement of 8 and 2 . By using this arrangement, a voltage gain of 5 times can be achieved. The output from the amplifier is now fed to the rectifier circuit for converting it into DC signals in pure continuous form. After the rectification, current can be amplified using the Darlington transistor and lastly voltage is regulated to 4.2V by using a regulating IC 7805. The output after regulation is sufficient enough to charge the mobile phone and to power the small electronic devices. The whole circuit arrangement is shown in Fig. 5 below.
2014 International Conference on Medical Imaging, m-Health and Emerging Communication Systems (MedCom)
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Figure 5 Mobile phone charging circuit.
III. EQUATIONS
The voltage produced by a single piezoelectric disc is given by-
StPV ××= (1) Where, P = pressure applied,
t = thickness of the disc,
S = rating of the piezoelectric material.
The voltage gain factor of the amplification circuit is based on the choice of 2 resistances and is given by
1+= i
f
R R
Gain (2)
Where, Rf = resistance connected in parallel,
Ri = resistance connected in series.
IV. EXPERIMENT The experiment is performed by giving actuation to the
piezoelectric disc as shown in Fig. 7, 8. The walking and running conditions are modeled by different excitation to the piezoelectric disc by different intuitive vibration excitation given to the disc. An 800mAh capacity Li-ion battery is used for the experiment. In the experiment, the percentage charging of the battery is done for different intervals and the corresponding time is recorded with the help of stopwatch. For normal excitation it takes 2.6 hours to get fully charge the battery. Further, for excitation at faster rate (high frequency) the charging time gets reduced to 1.8 hours. The results for charging mobile phone are shown in table below.
Table 1 Charging time for walking condition with normal excitation.
Percentage charged (in %)
Time taken (in minutes)
10-11 1.50 11-12 1.52 12-13 1.52 13-14 1.54 14-15 1.53 15-16 1.56
16-17 1.54 17-18 1.58 18-19 1.55 19-20 1.6
Figure 6 Figure showing comparison of charging time using the designed device for excitation corresponding to walking and running.
Table 2 Charging time for running condition with
excitation at high frequency. Percentage charged (in
%) Time taken (in minutes)
10-11 0.8 11-12 0.9 12-13 1.1 13-14 1 14-15 1.2 15-16 1.1 16-17 1.2 17-18 1.3 18-19 1 19-20 1.2
Table 3 Charging time for walking condition with normal excitation for extended charging.
Percentage charged (in %) Time taken (in minutes)
10-15 7.4 15-20 7.8 20-25 7.7 25-30 7.2 30-35 7.5 35-40 7.6 40-45 8.1 45-50 8.3 50-55 8.5 55-60 8.5
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Table 4 Charging time for running condition with excitation at high frequency for extended charging.
Percentage charged(in %) Time taken (in min)
10 - 15 4.9
15 - 20 5.1
20 - 25 5.2
25 - 30 5.2
30 - 35 5.5
35 - 40 5.4
40 - 45 5.5
45 - 50 5.6
50 - 55 5.4
55 - 60 5.7
When the gadget was used as an emergency torch by pressing the switch, the LED was lighten up. It was observed, for normal excitation of piezoelectric disc for 10 minutes, LED glows for 10-12 minutes. At higher speed the LED glows for 15 -16 minutes.
V. RESULTS The experiment performed over the designed gadget gives
the following results - when the excitation corresponds to a person walking at normal speed of 3-4Km/hr the time taken by the utility model to charge an 800mAh Li-ion battery was 2.6 hours. Moreover, at higher excitation corresponding to running at 10-12 Km/hr the time taken by the same battery to get charged was 1.8 hour. When the experiment was studied for the function of emergency torch (LED), it was seen that in normal walking for 10 minutes the torch was glown up to 10- 12 minutes. In the same way, when jogging was performed for 10 minutes, torch gave light for 15-16 minutes. So, the study shows the intensity of torch light as well as the power for battery both are directly proportional to the speed of the user.
Figure 7 Device powering the emergency torch.
Figure 8 Mobile shows charging.
VI. CONCLUSION In this paper, a dual working piezoelectric based gadget is developed and studied for the first time. The utility gadget based on walking, experimentally evaluated and presented in this paper gives a voltage sufficient to charge a Li-ion battery. Moreover, the piezoelectric walking based gadget can perform dual functions, one for powering the mobile phone battery and other for providing an emergency torch. It was seen that when the excitation vibration corresponding to a person walking at a slow speed, the time taken by the gadget to charge the mobile phone was higher. Further, when the data was recorded for his running condition, the time taken to charge the mobile phone got reduced tremendously. So, it is concluded that the effectiveness of the device depends on user’s walking activity, i.e. how well he is in performing his morning walk or jog. Therefore, the device is indirectly proving to be an asset for human health by encouraging a renowned fitness activity termed as walking. This can be the most beneficial and healthy input, an e-gadget can ever take making it a health promoting device. Hence, people can easily charge their mobile phone battery and use emergency torch daily by just walking more and more.
REFERENCES
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I documenti PDF creati possono essere aperti con Acrobat e Adobe Reader 5.0 e versioni successive.) /JPN <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> /KOR <FEFFc7740020c124c815c7440020c0acc6a9d558c5ec0020be44c988b2c8c2a40020bb38c11cb97c0020c548c815c801c73cb85c0020bcf4ace00020c778c1c4d558b2940020b3700020ac00c7a50020c801d569d55c002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020bb38c11cb97c0020c791c131d569b2c8b2e4002e0020c774b807ac8c0020c791c131b41c00200050004400460020bb38c11cb2940020004100630072006f0062006100740020bc0f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020c774c0c1c5d0c11c0020c5f40020c2180020c788c2b5b2c8b2e4002e> /NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken waarmee zakelijke documenten betrouwbaar kunnen worden weergegeven en afgedrukt. De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 5.0 en hoger.) /NOR <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> /PTB <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> /SUO <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> /SVE <FEFF0041006e007600e4006e00640020006400650020006800e4007200200069006e0073007400e4006c006c006e0069006e006700610072006e00610020006f006d002000640075002000760069006c006c00200073006b006100700061002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e007400200073006f006d00200070006100730073006100720020006600f60072002000740069006c006c006600f60072006c00690074006c006900670020007600690073006e0069006e00670020006f006300680020007500740073006b007200690066007400650072002000610076002000610066006600e4007200730064006f006b0075006d0065006e0074002e002000200053006b006100700061006400650020005000440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740020006b0061006e002000f600700070006e00610073002000690020004100630072006f0062006100740020006f00630068002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020006f00630068002000730065006e006100720065002e> /ENU (Use these settings to create PDFs that match the "Required" settings for PDF Specification 4.01) >> >> setdistillerparams << /HWResolution [600 600] /PageSize [612.000 792.000] >> setpagedevice