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Theories, Defini-ons and Key Concepts
What is landscape? What is landscape architecture? What do landscape architects do? How does landscape relate to sustainability?
A tract of land with its dis-nguishing characteris-cs and features, especially considered as a product of shaping processes and agents that are usually natural.
Defining “landscape”
Defining Landscape Architecture
One of three broadly-‐based professions (the others being engineering and architecture) dealing with the arrangement of animate and inanimate objects on the land and the -es people have with those objects. Landscape architecture as a science deals with the technical manipula-on of objects and people in outdoor places. As an art, it expresses applied intelligence and human emo-on…
Theory of Landscape Architecture
Natural process – must be understood and respected. Problems occur because of lack of knowledge or respect. Can lead to disasters such as flood or landslide. Human factors – accommodate cultural varia-on. Understanding different ways people perceive and use things. Must be responsive to diverse human values and needs. Work being done in environmental psychology and environmental behavior. Technology – how designs and plans are implemented. Understanding of machines, techniques and materials required. Methodology – systems for defining problems. Understand and accept a common process for collec-ng, analyzing and synthesizing informa-on to incorporate into solu-ons. Two methodologies – design process and suitability analysis process. Values – the profession is based on a set of values. These are generally acquired through life and then careers are oXen chosen to align with values. In landscape architecture an environmental ethic is at the root of the profession. In the ASLA code of ethics one of the first statements is about the profession as stewards of the land.
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Types of Prac-ce
Landscape Evalua-on and Planning Site Planning Landscape Design
Urban Design Landscape Restora-on Landscape Preserva-on and Management
Landscape Evalua-on and Planning
Ecology and natural science based Visual quality incorporated Human use a primary determinant May require numerous specialists Leads to land use plan
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Site Planning
Incorporates site characteris-cs Fused with human needs Facili-es or elements are located on the landscape in a func-onal and aesthe-c manner Arrangement of buildings, circula-on, human use, landscape and open space
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Urban Design
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Urban context Many disciplines Mul-ple scales Public use Mul-ple buildings Interrela-onships between buildings Design of open space Regulatory and economic dimensions
Landscape Design
Give specific quali-es to a place Incorporates living and inert elements Uses material, color, texture and form Sensory elements become important Focus on human comfort
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Landscape Restora-on
Focus on returning landscape to produc-vity Varying degrees of restora-on Requires knowledge of historical landscape character Integrated within larger landscape context
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Landscape Preserva-on and Management
Focused on protec-ons of cri-cal landscapes Can occur at mul-ple scales Na-ve species are important Landscape context oXen determines success Management strategies employed to allow human use Coopera-ve ventures between public an private en--es
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Professional Op-ons
Private Prac-ce Government Non Profits and Volunteer Academic
Professional Organiza-ons
ASLA – American Society of Landscape Architects IFLA – Interna-onal Federa-on of Landscape Architects CELA – Council of Educators in Landscape Architecture
Educa-on and Qualifica-ons
Accredita-on Bachelors Masters Doctoral
Registra-on or licensing Professional recogni-on LEED, SITES, BREEAM
Landscapes and Sustainability