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Alessandro Guiseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta was an Italian physicist, inventor and chemist who lived during the 8th century. Volta made several significant discoveries that contributed to electrical theory in his time. One of the more significant discoveries led to the invention of the battery. He is honored for his contribution by the use of the term “volt” to describe a unit of electric potential.

Volta hadn’t set out to invent the battery. In fact, he was attempting to prove another scientist, Luigi Galvani, wrong about his assertion that there was a separate type of electricity produced within animals that would cause movement in animal muscle tissue that he called “animal electricity.” Galvani found that a frog’s legs would move when contact was made by them connecting two metal plates. Volta believed that there was not a different form of electricity that was unique to living things, and through his experimentation found that the frog’s legs had simply acted as the electrolyte within a crude electric cell. He found that any sort of moisture would have a similar galvanizing effect, and the key to the electrical flow through the frog’s legs actually had to do with the electrode potential of the two different types of metals (Alessandro Volta, 2014).

Volta went on to thoroughly prove his theory of electrical contact, developing a list of conductors, arranging them from highest electromotive force to lowest. He found that the further apart the conductors are from each other on this list, the higher voltage they will produce. He also found that connecting more and more pairs of these dissimilar metals with a moist card would produce even more significant electrical potential (Alessandro Volta, 2014). In this way, in 1800, the battery was born.

The discovery not only assisted in the advance of electrical technologies, but other sciences as well. Contemporaries of Volta’s in the field of chemistry had very shortly used his battery to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen. Others had successfully used electrical charge to isolate new chemical elements. By 1820, Oersted was using the battery to investigate the relationship between electricity and magnetism. By 1821, Faraday was using the battery to produce an electric motor (Alessandro Volta, 2014).

All electrical devices rely on electrical current. Volta’s invention paved the road for every type of modern electrical technology, and in turn, the development of our technologically-based civilization.

References:

Alessandro Volta. (2014). Famous Scientists. Famousscientists.org. [web]. Retrieved March 11, 2019 from https://www.famousscientists.org/alessandro-volta/

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