Question 1 

  1. The three parts of an argument are      _____________, inference, and conclusion:

  


truth value

 


premises

 


deduction

 


reasoning

3 points   

Question 2 

  1. The law of excluded middle states

  


something cannot   both be and not be at the same time

 


the middle term   must be distributed in the premises at least once

 


something either is   or is not

 


something is what   it is

3 points   

Question 3 

  1. According to the reading, even God      cannot create a contradiction.

True 

False 

3 points   

Question 4 

  1. A mixed hypothetical syllogism in      which the premise denies the consequent is called:

  


Modus ponens

 


Categorical

 


Disjunctive

 


Modus tollens

3 points   

Question 5 

  1. The Latin phrase that means ‘it      does not follow’ is:

    

3 points   

Question 6 

  1. This may be the most well-known      fallacy of presumption:

  


bifurcation

 


red-herring

 


begging the question

 


hasty generalization

3 points   

Question 7 

  1. This fallacy is sometimes referred      to as the false dilemma:

  


straw man

 


bifurcation

 


red herring

 


special pleading

3 points   

Question 8 

  1. Identify the fallacy: The Bible      says we should do to others what we would have them to do for us.      Therefore I have no problem sharing the questions and answers of this quiz      with another student.

  


special pleading

 


tu quogue

 


sweeping   generalization

 


red herring

3 points   

Question 9 

  1. “Begging the question” is a      fallacy of presumption.

True 

False 

3 points   

Question 10 

  1. Identify the fallacy: He's the      third student I've caught cheating on the test. It just proves that you      can't trust students these days.

  


hasty   generalization

 


straw man

 


ad hominem

 


division

3 points   

Question 11 

  1. Occam’s razor says:

  


the best explanation is usually   philosophical

 


the best argument is usually   comprehensive

 


the strongest argument is usually the   positive/negative approach

 


the simplest explanation is usually   the best

3 points   

Question 12 

  1. The principle of simplicity says      we should try to simplify complex arguments.

True 

False 

3 points   

Question 13 

  1. A best explanation approach is      often the best way to argue because many issues in philosophy do not have      perfect solutions.

True 

False 

3 points   

Question 14 

  1. Which of the following should we      do first in our analysis of the ‘validity’ of an argument?

  


determine if these   premises lead to this conclusion

 


determine if the   premises are true

 


determine if there   are any informal fallacies

 


determine if we   agree with the conclusion before evaluating the validity or strength of the argument

3 points   

Question 15 

  1. The term for beliefs relating      together in a way that is mutually supportive:

  


consistency

 


coherence

 


comprehensive

 


constancy

3 points   

Question 16 

  1. An inference drawn from      statistical reasoning is deductive.

True 

False 

3 points   

Question 17 

  1. In a deductive syllogism, if the      premises are true and the conclusion is true, then the argument is valid.

True 

False 

3 points   

Question 18 

  1. The formal procedure for writing      out a deductive argument is called

  


an analogy

 


a syllogism

 


a hypothesis

 


a formulation

3 points   

Question 19 

  1. Type of argument that begins with      a problem with an unknown explanation, forms a theory and tests the      theory.

  


deductive syllogism

 


probability calculus

 


hypothetical reasoning

 


statistical reasoning

3 points   

Question 20 

  1. An argument may be evaluated as      “true” or “false.”

True 

False 

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