biology
AbluvLab Report Guidelines
Communication is necessary to disseminate information. In this regard, beyond talking with
each other, scientists report on their work
by writing
article
s on their findings and publish
them in
journals that other scientists read.
The main idea a scientific article is to convey
scientific findings
that
usually
emerge
from a hypothesis driven experiment(s).
The structure
or format of these scientific articles is nearly universal irrespective of the length of the article.
The format
is a convention that guides the author as well as the reader. At its most basic, the
format guides one through the process telling a story.
The format for the
L
ab
R
eport on the activity of enzymes will resemble that of a scientific
journal article
wit
h some modifications
.
The
Lab Report
will have a
Title
, an
Introduction
,
a
Methods and Materials
,
a
Results
,
a
Discussion/Conclusion
and an
Appendix
section
.
Each
section
is
typed in bold and start on a new page.
An Abstract
summarizing the article
is not
require
d
although the
y
are
ubiquitous
in scientific
journal
articles
.
References
and
Acknowledgments (for help received and collaborations)
are not required, but
may
be
included. Each section is unique, different from
each other
, but
they
rely on each o
ther to
convey
the
story
.
The
Introduction
describe
s
the
reason for the article. In
clude
enough
background material to
gain the readers
interest
,
much
li
ke all
good story tell
i
ng
does
. For our purpose
s
,
limit
the
discussion of
enzymes
to the material presented in
class lectures and
in
the textbook. There
is no need to look for additional information on enzymes unless you are so drive
n
, but be
warned, the
amount of information
is overwhelming
. At the end of the I
ntroduction, list the
hypotheses for all parts
or e
x
periments in
t
he study
.
The
Methods and Materials
describes all the steps taken to perform the experiments. The
purpose of this section is to allow someone else to replica
te your work. Therefore, all
chemicals or reagents, their concentration, how they were mixed together and the
instrumentation used must be noted.
There is no need to explain how an instrument works
unless it is a newly developed one. For instance, one c
an assume that the reader knows how
to operate a spectrophotometer.
This section is the near equivalent of a cook book to a chef.
If there are five experiments, then provide instructions for replicating all five experiments.
The
Results
section
contains
the
study data
only
.
Present
the
raw data and
any
transformation
of the raw data
.
F
igures and tables
are ideal for presenting
the data because
pictures convey information more easily than words.
L
abel all figure
s, t
a
bles and images
with
a
title,
a very
brie
f
description
of the
dat
a
,
and
an
explanation of
specific
components of the
image
th
at
imp
ortant
for interpreting the data.
Introduce
each
figure
or
table
in the t
ext
.
Presenting
a figure or table without
any
text is a
serious
mistake
–
you are asking the reader
to read your mind and intentions
. Avoid the temptation
of
explain
ing
the data
in this section
–
this comes later
in the Discussion/Concl
usion section
.
However, y
ou may expl
ain
that
one
or two points in the data w
ere
omitted
in a figure or table due to some mishap during the data
collection
-
t
his is perfectly acceptable.
Remember, t
he focus of this section is the data, and
only the data.
The
Discussion/Conclusion
section
is where you
interpret
your
findings a
nd
results.
First,
restate the goals of the
study
. Second,
interpret that data
by
consider
ing
whether the data
from the experiments support your hypotheses
stated in the Introduction
.
Third,
synthesize
all the data or
observations in the
study
. Do
the results
fit what you know about enzymes and
what you expected?
T
he data
make sense with your
knowledge and expectations.
Discuss
w
hether it does or does not.
Fourth,
discuss how future work may address any weaknesses
in the experiments perform
ed,
and suggest
possible
studies that will
build on the knowledge
gained from these studies.
Lastly, make a final conclusion about the observations in your lab
and how they fit the topic.
A
Reference
section is included if you wish to cite any literatu
re such as your textbook, the
lab or any other source material.
It is not required for this assignm
ent.
An
Ackno
wle
d
gement
section i
s
included if you wish to
thank any
one who provided you some
uniqu
e reagents
,
or
help
in the writing of
the text
.
It is not required for this assignm
ent.
There
are
questions in the lab manual after each experiment
.
Y
ou
must address these
withi
n
the appropriate section of the
Lab Report.
Figure out where the answer to each question
fi
ts
in
the Lab Report
format discussed above
before you start writing
.
The Lab Report should
be a
m
in
i
mum of 8
typed
pages
of text
(excluding
figu
res, tables,
illustrat
ions,
or other images)
,
double
-
spaced
,
and
10
pt
.
–
12
pt
.
fo
nt
. The Intro
duction (min.
1
.5
page of text),
M
ethods and Materials
(min.
4
page of text)
, Results
(min.
1.5
page of text)
and Discussion
/Conclusion
(min. 1 page of text)
.
For this particular
assign
ment, place a
ll
figu
res, tables, illustrat
ions,
and
images
at
the
end of the paper
and
call
this section the
Appendix
.
The
length of the
Appendi
x
does not count towards the
len
gth of the
Lab R
eport
.
Warning: Do not plagiarize! This is a serious offense. Do not copy
-
and
-
paste from any source including a classmate’s Lab Report. The
penalty is a score of zero points (0 points).
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