Utilitarianism

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Utilitarianism.docx

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uvmz5E75ZIA

What makes things morally right and morally wrong? Utilitarianism actions are morally permissible IF and ONLY IF they produce at least as much happiness as any other available option.

2. https://youtu.be/uGDk23Q0S9E

Utilitarianism looks to make as many people as possible whatever it is that creates value. For instance, growing food on a mass scale can cause water pollution and hurting the opportunity for fishermen to catch fish. Utilitarianism would say that is fine as long as the value of growing the food outweighs the negatives, particularly if protecting water reduces the valuable food production. Of course, there are likely ways to use a different perspective, or theory to argue for protecting water.

3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MoCuVa9UeR4

Utilitarianism cares about net value to society. This approach makes sense in many cases. But, if the theory tells us to "maximize values" for society. If we are talking about distributing resources, certain groups of people (like the poor or disadvantaged) might always lose out. For example, utilitarianism may say we should not give any parking to handicap people at a grocery store, if doing so costs too much for everyone else. 

4.  https://youtu.be/-UhiRLuSlIU

Kantism says a behavior is ethical if it fits universal laws and moral duty, and if the person acting is doing so with duty in mind. For instance, most people would agree that it is not morally right to have child slaves work to produce our clothes. So, acting in a way that avoids clothes made with child labor would be ethical in a Kant way of thinking.