Language and Literacy
nomgisaj3Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach Seventh Edition Gail E. Tompkins
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Chapter 4
The Youngest Readers and Writers
Developed by:
Helen Hoffner, Ed.D.
Holy Family University
Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Oral Language Development
Phonology
Children manipulate language.
Syntax
Children combine words into sentences.
Semantics
Children learn the meanings of words.
Pragmatics
Children use language socially.
Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Oral Language Activities
at School
Children develop oral language competence as they participate in literacy activities including:
- Interactive Read-Alouds
- Interactive Writing
- Grand Conversations
- Story Retellings
Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Assessing Children’s
Oral Language
Teachers use observations, anecdotal notes, checklists, and video clips to monitor whether children:
- Listen during conversations about books
- Play with words
- Connect new words to technical concepts they’re learning
- Use new vocabulary words appropriately as they talk and write
Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Concepts About Print
Young children learn that print carries meaning and they learn:
- Book-Orientation Concepts
How to hold a book and turn pages
- Directionality Concepts
Print is written and read from left to right, top to bottom
Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Environmental Print
- Young children begin reading by recognizing logos on fast-food restaurants, department stores, and grocery stores.
- At first, young children depend on context to read familiar words and memorized texts.
Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Assessing Children’s
Concepts About Written Language
Teachers use Marie Clay’s Concepts About Print (CAP) Test to assess understanding of written language concepts.
Teachers observe children as they:
- Look at books and reread familiar ones
- Do pretend writing
- Write their names and other familiar words
Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Children Develop as
Readers and Writers
Young children move through 3 stages as they learn to read and write:
Emergent
Beginning
Fluent
Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Emergent Reading & Writing
During the emergent stage, children:
- Develop an interest in reading & writing
- Acquire concepts about print
- Identify some letters of the alphabet
- Read & write some high-frequency words
Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Beginning Reading & Writing
During the beginning stage, children:
- Learn phonics skills
- Recognize 100 high-frequency words
- Spell phonetically
- Apply reading strategies including cross-checking, predicting, & repairing
Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Fluent Reading & Writing
Fluent readers and writers:
- Use decoding and comprehension strategies effectively
- Use the writing process to draft and refine their writing
- Write well-developed, multiparagraph compositions
- Spell most high-frequency and other one-syllable words correctly
Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Instructional Practices
- Morning Message
- Shared Reading
- Language Experience Approach
- Interactive Writing
Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Chapter 4 Review
- Teachers nurture young children’s oral language development.
- Teachers foster young children’s interest in literacy.
- Teachers guide students through 3 stages of literacy development.
- Teachers match instructional activities to children’s stages of reading & writing development.