BIO 100/ BioScience (3) Part Assignment

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StudyGuide1.docx

Study Guide 1

Directions:

1 -- Answer the questions below, briefly and in your own words. DO NOT CUT AND PASTE.

2 -- Also review the Check Your Knowledge (CYK) questions. They are on Launchpad. Some of the questions on the Exam will be from these.

CHAPTER 1: SCIENTIFIC THINKING

1. What is the scientific method?

2. What is pseudoscience? Supersition? Beliefs based on anecdotal evidence?

3. What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?

Review these Check Your Knowledge questions: 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, 18

CHAPTER 2: CHEMISTRY

1. What are atoms? What are they made of? Where are these particles? What are ions?

2. What are molecules? What are covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrogen bonds? Which are strongest?

3. What are 4 biologically important properties of water? What is the significance of each to biologists?

4. What are the 4 classes of biological molecules?

5. What are the structure (monomer unit) and function of carbs? What is meant by the term “sugars”? Name an of example of a sugar and a complex carbohydrate.

6. What are the structure and function of fats? For saturated and unsaturate fatty acids: are they solid/liquid; from plants/animals; straight/bent?

7. What are the structure (monomer unit) and function of proteins? Name an example of a protein. What is denaturation? What causes it?

8. What are the structure (monomer unit) and function of nucleic acids? Name three differences between DNA and RNA.

Review these Check Your Knowledge questions: 3 - 5, 7 - 12, 14, 17 - 20

CHAPTER 3: CELLS

1. Name 3 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. How did eukaryotes evolve?

2. What are cell membranes made of? What are the functions of the proteins in cell membranes?

3. What are the names and functions of the 9 organelles listed in section 3e of the ebook? Which of these are also found in prokaryotes?

Review these Check Your Knowledge questions: 1 - 4, 7 - 9, 11-18

CHAPTER 4: ENERGY

1. How does energy flow through the ecosystem?

2. What are kinetic and potential energy? Is chemical energy kinetic or potential?

3. What is the structure of ATP?

4. What is photosynthesis? What organisms do it? Where does it occur? What is the equation for photosynthesis? What happens in each of the two steps of photosynthesis?

5. What is aerobic respiration? Where does it occur? What is the equation for aerobic respiration? What happens in each of the 3 steps of aerobic respiration?

6. What is fermentation? What products are formed in human muscle cells? In yeast?

7. Can humans extract energy from lipids and proteins as well as sugars? How?

Review these Check Your Knowledge questions: 1-3, 5, 10, 12, 13, 14, 17

CHAPTER 5: DNA, GENE EXPRESSION, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

1. What is the structure of DNA? What is a nucleotide made of?

2. What is a gene? What is an allele? What is noncoding DNA?

3. Name the two steps of protein production.

4. What is a mutation? What are substitutions, insertions, and deletions? Which are most likely to affect the function of a protein? Why? What causes mutations? When does a mutation in a gene have an effect on a cell?

5. What is a GMO? What percent of corn, soybeans , and cotton grown in the US is GM?

Name 3 plant GMOs. Name 3 animal GMOS.

6. Name 4 examples of biotechnolgy in health.

8. What is a clone? What are the steps in cloning a mammal? Have cloned human embryos been produced? How about cloned human babies?

9. What is a DNA fingerprint? What types of sequences are analyzed to produce them?

10. What is CRISPR?

Review these Check Your Knowledge questions: 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 12-14

CHAPTER 6: CELL DIVISION

1. How do prokarotes divide?

2. In eukaryotes, what are somatic and reproductive cells? How are they produced?

3. What are the stages of the cell cycle?

4. What is mitosis? What are the stages of mitosis and what happens in each?

5. What is cancer? Name 3 properties of cancer cells.

6. What is meiosis? Where are gametes produced in humans? How many chromosomes are in each human gamete? What is the definition of a male? A female?

7. What is the advantage of sexual reproduction? How is sex determined in humans?

8. What is Down syndrome? What causes it?

9. What are the characteristics of people who have the following abnormal sex chromosomes? XXX; XXY; XYY; and XO.

Review these Check Your Knowledge questions: 1-6, 8, 12, 13, 15 - 17

CHAPTER 7: INHERITANCE

1. How many chromosomes do humans have? How many chromosomes are in an egg or sperm?

2. What are dominant and recessive alleles?

3. What do homozygous and heterozygous mean?

4. What are genotype and phenotype?

5. Genetic problems. If one parent is heterozygous (Aa) and the other is homozygous recessive (aa), what is the probability a child will have the recessive trait? What if both parents are heterozygous?

6. What is a pedigree?

7. What are incomplete and codominance?

8. How many alleles are there for blood type? What do blood type alleles encode? Who are universal donors? Universal recipients?

9. What is a polygenic trait? Name 2.

10. What is pleiotropy?

11. What is a sex-linked trait? Name one. Is a recessive sex-linked trait is recessive more likely to show up in males or females?

12. What does it mean for two genes to be linked?

Review these Check Your Knowledge questions: 1, 5, 9-12