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Running Head: ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE 1

ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE 11

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Access to Healthcare

Capella University

November, 2018

Introduction

Limited access to the healthcare services in the United States of America is a bigger challenge that cut across the nation from cities to the rural areas. Several factors have been outlined as key contributors to limited access to healthcare which include: limited insurance cover, transportation barrier and language as they will be further explained in detail in this paper. Having limited access to healthcare is a problem but whenever a problem is experienced, the endeavour has to be made to develop and find a solution to the problem. Therefore, in this discussion telemedicine and in-home health care services have been employed as some of the interventions to address the already defined health problem. The information used in the research has to be relevant and valid and this is confirmed by the annotated bibliography which explains in brief about the credibility of the information used in this research. [Your introduction does not need a header that says “Introduction”] [The purpose of your paper is clearly identified.]

Healthcare Access Limitation

Limited access to healthcare is significantly contributing to the spread of certain diseases especially in the patients suffering from chronic conditions. [Do you have data to support this claim?] There are multiple factors that limit the access to healthcare in United States of America. A limited number of people who are insured is one of the factors contributing to the limited access to healthcare in the United States. Comparing with other developed countries, the United States of America is one of the countries that does not have universal healthcare insurance. The government of the United States of America does understand this problem and implemented the Affordable Care Act as one of the ways to increases [increase] the insurance coverage but by the year 2016, about 32 million people were not covered thus denying them the privilege to access the health care services (Kominski et al…,2017). [Refer to chapter 6 of your APA manual for proper formatting of references. Typically, all of the authors are listed the first time a reference is used in your paper.]

A good number of people are not in a position to meet the medical cost thus locking them from accessing health care services in this country. Even some of those who have medical insurance cover [do you mean coverage?] and high income, sometimes experience difficulties in meeting medical bills thus cannot access medical services because health plans do not even adequately meet all the medical costs. About forty percent of the people in the United States of America require high cost treatments and regular medical checkups that majority can not afford (Woolf, & Aron, 2013). [You have unnecessary extra spacing between paragraphs. APA requires your entire paper be double-spaced.]

Lack of health care facilities and health professionals in rural areas of the country are also some of the factors that result in limited access to health care. In particular, between 2004 and 2014, one hundred and seventy-nine obstetric centers were closed in rural areas in United States. [Need citation. Where did you obtain this information?] The closure of these centers has limited essential gynecologist and obstetrician services that are very crucial for the health of the population. Similarly, there are a limited number of mental health professionals and substance abuse counsellors in rural areas whose services are core and greatly needed by these citizens. The capacity of health professionals offering these essential services to the population in the rural setting has been limited and in other cases not accessible at all. This leads to limited access to quality health care, and in the best scenario patients might have to wait for long hours to see their medical specialists. (Douthat et al….,2015).

Lack of means of transportation is also another factor limiting the access to health services. Healthcare facilities are located far from some rural regions hence patients need to travel to receive medical assistance. Lack of mobility means is a crucial factor to access healthcare, affecting patients who cannot afford these means, mainly those who have special needs such as psychically challenged patients. In urban areas, those people who are low-income earners find it difficult to get a reliable mean of transportation at the time they are going for their medical appointments. This phenomenon results in some patients missing their appointments and also results in the poor management of the diseases even when the care is available but out of their reach due to the lack of transportation. Research has established that distance can be a barrier for people in rural areas but also for poor people living in suburban and urban areas despite the fact they may be close to the hospital centers or health professionals all caused by transportation problem. People in the urban areas in United States of America drive their own cars thus public transport may not be common in some cities. Poor people living in the cities have a challenge to find to find means to reach the medical centers thus having a problem of limited access to health care services (IMRAN, 2015).

Potential intervention approaches.

Telemedicine is one of the interventions that can help reduce the problem of limited access to healthcare. Telemedicine is a new technology that patients use to receive healthcare services without physically reaching the health care center. This alternative will help to address the issues of the affordability of the health care services and also distance which acts as a limiting factor to access health care services. Telemedicine is an affordable service to patients who would have spent much to reach the healthcare. [How does it compare financially to traditional healthcare visits? It is covered under most insurance plans?] It has been used for several years in the prisons where inmates are not allowed to leave the premises of the prison and in turn, they have limited access to health care. This is potentially beneficial for patients with special needs who have difficulties moving around, among others. It is an alternative because people who have limited access to health care can utilize and acknowledge technology to receive health care in the comfort of their homes (Hudson, 2013).

The use of electronic devices and communication gadgets has been on rising and facilitating health information sharing. [awkwardly worded sentence] Use of online services to share health information is one of the interventions that can help curb the problem of the limited access to health services. Health information from the patients, health professionals and the public in general are shared on the online platforms thus solving the problem of limited access to healthcare (Moorhead et al…,2013).

Lastly, in-home health care services are a potential intervention method that can play a significant role in addressing the problem of limited access to healthcare. This is how health care services are offered in private homes by either home care attendants or medical practitioners. Through the use of this method, aged people and patients who are disabled and cannot travel to the medical centers are treated, hence addressing the problem of the limited access to the health care services (Mankowska et al…., 2014).

Conclusion

In conclusion, there are various factors that limit the access to healthcare in the United States of America. First, transportation in urban areas for low-income earners is one of the factors contributing to limited access to healthcare services. Secondly, some of the patients can not afford medical expenses thus barring them from accessing healthcare services. Third, a good number of people, although insured, have not enough coverage for their medical expenses. Finally, in rural areas, patients lack some essential medical services such as obstetrician and mental health services. However, with the above factors that limit the access to healthcare services analyzed, there are some solutions coming up, such as telemedicine, which is a technology used by patients without physically reaching the health care center, it has been identified as one of the ways that can be used to address the problem of limited access to healthcare services. Also, in-home health care services which addresses patients’ health problems in the comfort of their own homes and electronic devices which promote the use of the online platform to share healthcare information are also other potential interventions that have been identified as suitable to offer a solution to the limited access of healthcare services. [Your conclusion provides a brief summary of your paper.]

Annotated bibliography

Dwyer, D. S., & Liu, H. (2013). The impact of consumer health information on the demand for health services. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 53(1), 1-11. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1062976912000786: The author has elaborated the challenges faced by patients in seeking healthcare services which are relevant to the topic of the discussion. The author emphasizes the disadvantages brought by transportation barrier to the access of healthcare services.

Hudson, H. E. (2013). From rural village to global village: Telecommunications for development in the information age. Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781135599713: The author is a experienced writer and has authored several books that have been quoted in the research several times because of the validity and reliability from his work. He has extensively covered the subject of telemedicine which is an essential approach in limiting the access to healthcare. Routledge is a prominent publisher thus reflecting the quality of this article.

Moorhead, S. A., Hazlett, D. E., Harrison, L., Carroll, J. K., Irwin, A., & Hoving, C. (2013). A new dimension of health care: a systematic review of the uses, benefits, and limitations of social media for health communication. Journal of medical Internet research, 15(4). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3636326/: The author has written a very useful material by offering a better understanding of healthcare information system where social platforms are one of them. The Article discusses the benefits of health information online that remark the health issues and improve health outcomes. Consumer health information has raised concern as many patients are going online to seek remedies.

References

Douthit, N., Kiv, S., Dwolatzky, T., & Biswas, S. (2015). Exposing some important barriers to health care access in the rural USA. Public health, 129(6), 611-620.

Dwyer, D. S., & Liu, H. (2013). The impact of consumer health information on the demand for health services. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 53(1), 1-11. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1062976912000786

Hudson, H. E. (2013). From rural village to global village: Telecommunications for development in the information age. Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781135599713

IMRAN, C. (2015). The Transportation Barrier. Available online: https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2015/08/the-transportation-barrier/399728/

Kominski, G. F., Nonzee, N. J., & Sorensen, A. (2017). The Affordable Care Act's Impacts on Access to Insurance and Health Care for Low-Income Populations. Annual review of public health, 38, 489-505.

Mankowska, D. S., Meisel, F., & Bierwirth, C. (2014). The home health care routing and scheduling problem with interdependent services. Health care management science, 17(1), 15-30. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10729-013-9243-1

Moorhead, S. A., Hazlett, D. E., Harrison, L., Carroll, J. K., Irwin, A., & Hoving, C. (2013). A new dimension of health care: a systematic review of the uses, benefits, and limitations of social media for health communication. Journal of medical Internet research, 15(4). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3636326/

Woolf, S. H., & Aron, L. Y. (2013). The US health disadvantage relative to other high-income countries: findings from a National Research Council/Institute of Medicine report. Jama, 309(8), 771-772.