Order 1296847: Read Instructions

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Using the Vernier Lab Pro Interface and the Logger Pro Data Collection Software

Lab 1

9/13/2018

PHYS 261 004

Sarah Ball

Jamie Hardy

Kurston Griffen

Objective

The goal of the first lab is to learn how to work with the Lab Pro interface and Logger Pro data collection software. These tools will introduce averaging constant data and finding the standard deviation from the mean. The lab will also introduce Logger Pro tools for Statistics and Linear Fit as well as how to create tables and graphs in Excel. The lab will use a heat experiment to introduce these factors.

Theory

Heat flow between a heated object and cooler object will cause the cooler object to rise in temperature. The rate of change for the temperature is proportional to the heat difference between the two objects. In this case, the thermometer would be in equilibrium with its environment. The thermometer will change temperature should a new object be introduce at a higher temperature until equilibrium is found.

Procedure

Lab one consists of two procedures. Procedure A gives a baseline understanding for Procedure B. Both procedures require a laptop connected to a Lab-Pro interface and a thermometer connect to channel one of the interface. For the first experiment, Procedure A requires 50 seconds of data gathering from the air around the thermometer. It is important to remember not to touch the thermometer during this time as it can change the outcome of the data. Procedure B extends to 200 seconds where, after 10 seconds, place a hand on the thermometer. This allows the first 10 seconds to show a flat line to compare the rest of the run. During this experiment, the hand should not move or shift from the thermometer.

Data

Procedure A

time

temp

Tavg

T-Tavg

(T-Tavg)^2

31

23.26693

23.27538

-0.00845

7.14724E-05

31.5

23.26693

23.27538

-0.00845

7.14724E-05

32

23.26693

23.27538

-0.00845

7.14724E-05

32.5

23.29017

23.27538

0.014787

0.000218667

33

23.29017

23.27538

0.014787

0.000218667

33.5

23.29017

23.27538

0.014787

0.000218667

34

23.29017

23.27538

0.014787

0.000218667

34.5

23.26693

23.27538

-0.00845

7.14724E-05

35

23.26693

23.27538

-0.00845

7.14724E-05

35.5

23.26693

23.27538

-0.00845

7.14724E-05

36

23.26693

23.27538

-0.00845

7.14724E-05

T Sum

256.0292

Sum

0.001374974

Average

23.27538

Cal dev

0.11726

Excel dev

0.011725928

For Procedure 1, time is in seconds and temperature is in Celsius. The time example taken is 31 seconds to 36 seconds from the 50 second experiment. The T. Sum is the addition of all temperature taken, while the average is the T. Sum divided by the number in the 5 second range. Sum is a summation of the instance temperature minus the average temperature with the result squared. The final result will add all instance temperatures to become the Sum. From here, the standard deviation is calculated by both Excel and the lab students.

Procedure B: Heating Graph

Procedure B: Regional Statistics

Region

Mean T (C)

Hand T

Slope

1

24.18

7.82

0.3205

2

26.41

5.59

0.4176

3

27.89

4.11

0.2463

4

28.67

3.33

0.2234

5

29.38

2.62

0.14

6

29.88

2.12

0.09347

7

31.95

0.05

-2.33E-12

Procedure B: Slope Graph

Due to the large amount of data from Procedure B, as seen in the ‘Procedure B: Graph’, the data is broken down into 7 different regions. Each region has a mean value of the regions temperature, titled “Mean T(C)”. Hand T is the difference between the specific regions mean value and the highest temperature the hand causes. The slope in the statistics table is found by adding the temperatures of the entire time and dividing by the seconds for each region. The Slope graph is made by slope on the Y-axis and time on the x-axis

Analysis

As seen in Procedure B: Slop Graph, the slopes increase in a linear pattern due to the constant rising of the temperature caused by the hand. In “Procedure B: Heating Graph”, the graph shows the change in temperature from the steady room degree to the temperature of the hand. This temperature does level out around 100 seconds. However, as shown with region 7, the slope does fall slightly, showing that the equilibrium was still evening out.

Conclusion

Procedure A is mostly a constant, steady temperature, however, the various changes can be attributed to air conditioning and air flow within the room the measurement was taken. For Procedure B, the amount of change from room temperature to hand temperature is based largely on the person whose hand is being used. For this particular experiment, a person with naturally cold hands will not have as much as a changing arc as a person with natural warm hands, or someone who warmed their hands before the experiment. This phenomenon was experienced as the first attempt on Procedure B had to be removed due to exposure to cold hands. As for the negative slope, as stated before, the thermostat and hand were still reaching equilibrium. The thermometer, for a short moment, was warmer then the hand holding it. This can be attributed to shifting or movement by the participant, or the hand cooling from the example of heating the hand prior to the experiment. Overall the experiment itself was successful in introducing the participants to Log Pro, Excel. And the concept of heat transfer.

SLOPE 7.82 5.59 4.1099999999999994 3.3299999999999983 2.620000000000001 2.120000000000001 5.0000000000000711E-2 0.32050000000000001 0.41760000000000003 0.24629999999999999 0.22339999999999999 0.14000000000000001 9.3469999999999998E-2 -2.3280000000000002E-12

Time

Regional Slopes