Wk5 DQ - Business Research Methodology

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CLA1-ImpactofCovid.edited.docx

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Impact of Covid-19 on Business

Student’s Name

Institution Affiliation

Course Title

Professor’s Name

Date

Impact of Covid-19 on Business

Introduction

A never-experienced virus known as Covid-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) graced the world in 2019 and was first reported in Huang China in December. At that time, not much had been done to contain the virus as no one thought it would become a global pandemic. Sooner than later, China was on lockdown in an effort to contain the virus. Little did the world know that the air transport had already spread the virus to other countries. By March, the virus had already been detected in more than one hundred and forty-six states. Due to this, most have been on lockdown, borders have been closed, and movement has been restricted. As a result of this, the business has become impossible, especially in the tourism industry.

Statement of Purpose

The purpose of this study is to highlight how Covid-19 has impacted business, especially the tourism industry globally. Tourism is all about spending and moving; when people can no longer move and can no longer spend due to the constraints facing the economy, then it means that the tourism business cannot earn. The study will also highlight how the tourism industry in the previous pandemics was able to recover and rise again.

Description of the problem

In June, a report posted by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNTAD) states that in 2019 the tourism was accountable for three hundred million jobs and twenty-nine percent of the world's export. Due to Covid-19, it is estimated that international tourism will incur over one billion dollar losses on tourist arrivals, one hundred and twenty job million job losses, and more than one trillion dollars losses in export revenues. This is all dependent on whether the borders and the measures put in place will be removed. If this does not happen, it is possible that the worst is yet to come.

Coke (2020) states that most of the world economies much rely on the tourism industry, especially the Least Developed Countries. In such countries, tourism contributes to up to 9.5% average G.D.P. This means that tourism will also affect most economies of the world, especially those highly dependent on tourism. To investigate the problem described, the following series of questions will be used.

1. Is there a correlation between Covid-19 and the tourism industry?

H0 There is no correlation between Covid-19 and the tourism industry.

H1 There is a correlation between Covid-19 and the tourism industry.

2. Is there a correlation between the tourism industry and the economy?

H0 There is no correlation between the tourism industry and the economy.

H1 There is a correlation between the tourism industry and the economy.

3. How did the tourism industry survive in the previous pandemics?

H0 The tourism industry did not survive other pandemics.

H1 The tourism industry did survive other pandemics.

4. The Covid-19 measures have affected the tourism industry?

H0 Covid-19 measures have not affected the tourism industry.

H1 Covid-19 measures have affected the tourism industry

Appendix 1

Literature Review

Glossing(2020) highlights through a graph how the increase in numbers of Covid-19 has led to a decrease in flights drastically. To contain the virus, almost all the affected countries had to close down their borders, restrict movement, and prevent the spread of the virus. Due to a lack of traveling, there have not been too many local and international travels. Besides this, social distancing has also resulted in hotels and restaurants being closed down, day visits, festivals, accommodation, and cruises. The tourism has been reduced to nothing as nothing has been happening in any form.

The tourism industry has been gone through a gradual shock where it decreased to a third then two-third to almost nothing. Nationally to enable and promote the sector, most restaurants have been forced to open but only offers take out to its customers. With not much revenues coming in, most of the employees in such restaurants and eateries have been forced to go on unpaid leaves or have had to lose their jobs (Sheller, 2020). With such effects, it means that the economy's level of output is reduced, which will lead to a decline in the economy. Some of these employees in the restaurant and eateries were mostly at the entry-level and may not have had time to save a lot of money to sustain them. As a result, such employees have either been forced to go back to their reserves or depend on governmental aid (Baum, 2020).

The mobility of human mobility has been put on a halt, which has affected how goods are exchanged, ideas, entertainment, services, and virtual reality experiences—having to deal with the unthinkable like staying home and even having the government and every agency advocating people to stay home as made people not also visit hotels. As a result of this, the concern of making tourism a right but not an entitlement has been surfaced again (Hall, 2020). This is in the context of recognition by the government and by the role the industry plays in employment, economic growth, and global recognition. The tourism industry is not just a source of happiness, leisure, and relaxation. From a financial point of view, the tourism industry is an employer and a contributor to the economy. It is for this reason that McCabe (2015) states that the industry should be considered are a right.

To mention, the areas that have been affected would be understatements as no form of recognition or research can much up to the level to which the pandemic has affected the industry. Jamal (2020) tries to mention a few areas and recognizes that this is just a part. To start is the transport sector, especially the water and air forms of travel. This means that all teams working in the airport and the water ports have lost their jobs or have had to go on unpaid leaves. The other sector is the hospitality sector, the import and export services, the tour and travel sector, the government, the breweries, the food market, the real estate sector, and many more. This is not even mentioning the millions of people who have been affected.

Description of the Project

Setting

The research will be conducted online and directed to a group of various industry players in the tourism industry. The survey will take place online, but every participant will be consented prior to the interview. How over the interview will only accept participants who are in the tourism industry since they will be able to give first-hand information out of experience.

Participants

All participants must have worked or currently working within the tourism industry to promote the quality of data collected. The size of the sample should range between two hundred and fifty to three hundred. The responses will only cover responders from the U.S to ensure that the analysis and valuation of data match the findings. The age will range between eighteen years to retirement age. This is to promote and analyze the views of all ages. There is however no gender, religions and race criteria, the only rules are age, and they all have to be working or were working within the industry amid the Cocid-19 pandemic

Instruments

The data to be collected will be primary data obtained from a sample size of approximately three hundred people; the data will be collected through surveys with straightforward and simple questions. The questions will be developed from the hypothesis that was highlighted from the problem description (Appendix1). The researcher will form the survey questions. The purpose of using questionnaires is to ensure that the research applies primary first-hand data, mainly because secondary may not bring out the exact data that can be used to analyze how the tourism industry has been impacted (Hox, 2015).

Chronology

The first step of data collection is to develop an online platform that will be used to accommodate the questions and the responders. The next is to establish criteria that marginalize the participants by ensuring that only the tourism industry players can participate in the research. The next step is to attract participants either by word of mouth or advertising to attract more people. Qualitative and quantitative data will be collected as the more data is available, the better for the analysis. Qualitative data will also be considered for the validation of the research, the findings, and analysis. Below is the instrument to be used for the survey.

Impact of Covid-19 in Tourism

Date

Name

Age

The role played in the tourism industry

(Kindly don’t proceed if you are a player or are not involved in the tourism industry)

Currently, Employed?

1. Is there a correlation between Covid-19 and the tourism industry?

To investigate this, the responses should give direct and precise points on the correlation between the two.

2. Is there a correlation between the tourism industry and the economy?

To investigate this, the responses should give direct and precise points on the correlation between the two.

3. How did the tourism industry survive in the previous pandemics?

The data collected here will be backed by secondary data to ensure the validity of the data

4. The Covid-19 measures have affected the tourism industry? How?

The responders should clearly state how the containment measures have affected the industry.

Appendix 2

Analysis

1. Is there a correlation between Covid-19 and the tourism industry?

The dependent variable in this research is Covid-19, while the dependent is the tourism industry. Pearson Correlation will be used to identify the correlation between the two variables from the data obtained. The results will be determined by either accepting or rejecting the null hypothesis through the p-value. If p≥ .05, then the null hypothesis will be rejected, and the alternative hypothesis accepted. It will mean that indeed the tourism industry and Covid-19 are related.

2. Is there a correlation between the tourism industry and the economy?

The independent variable is the economy, while the dependent variable is the tourism industry. Pearson Correlation will also be used to analyze the data in identifying the relationship between the two. If p≥.05 then the null hypothesis will be rejected and the alternative hypothesis will be accepted

3. How did the tourism industry survive in the previous pandemics?

Data collected will be analyzed through secondary data to validate whether the data provided is valid. The secondary data will be obtained from approved articles from other scholars who have documented how the tourism industry survived previous pandemics in the previous years.

4. The Covid-19 measures have affected the tourism industry? How?

The rationales raised from the data collected will be analyzed with secondary data to confirm and validate the data collected. If the data matches the justifications, then it shall be included in the analyses.

Conclusion

I believe that the world's economies are resilient enough, and despite the ruin that the pandemic may bring to the industry or the business world, it will still rise again. The data collection process was the most challenging part of the research, not because of the availability of data but the mode of access. The survey was done online, and it took longer for data to be collected, unlike what would have been the case if the study was done physically. The pandemic also has, in a way, affected the mode of adat collection and the data collection period.

Appendixes

Appendix 1- Hypothesis

Appendix 2- Data Collection instrument

References

Automobility Studies Lab accessed at https://cas.ihs.ac.at/some-thoughts-on-what-comesafter-a-mobility-shock/ on Retrieved 25th July 2020

Baum, T., & Hai, N. T. T. (2020). Hospitality, tourism, human rights, and the impact of COVID-19. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.

Covid-19 and Tourism https://unctad.org › Publicatio...PDF Covid-19 and Tourism – UNCTAD Retrieved 25th July 2020

Coke H, P (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on tourism in small island developing states. https://unctad.org/en/pages/newsdetails.aspx?OriginalVersionID=2341

Hall, C. M., Scott, D., & Gössling, S. (2020). Pandemics, transformations, and tourism: be careful what you wish for. Tourism Geographies, 1-22.

Hox, J. J., & Boeije, H. R. (2015). Data collection, primary versus secondary.

Jamal, T. and Budke, C. (2020) Tourism in a world with pandemics: local-global responsibility and action, Journal of Tourism Futures.

McCabe, S. and Diekmann, A. (2015) The rights to tourism: reflections on social tourism and human rights, Tourism Recreation Research, 40(2), 194-204.

Sheller, M. (2020) Some Thoughts on What Comes After A Mobility Shock, Critical