Digestive System

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Chapter_06.ppt

Chapter 6
Additional Suffixes and Digestive System Terminology

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Learning Objectives

  • Define new suffixes and use them with digestive system combining forms.
  • List and explain laboratory tests, clinical procedures, and abbreviations common to the digestive system.
  • Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their proper context, such as medical reports and records.

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 6
Lesson 6.1

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Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Suffixes

  • -ectasis, -ectasia
  • -emesis
  • -lysis
  • -pepsia
  • -phagia
  • -plasty
  • -ptosis
  • -ptysis

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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  • Which suffix(es) describe(s) a position?
  • Which suffix(es) describe(s) a motion?
  • Which suffix is used in a term that describes uncontrolled eating?
  • Which suffixes are surgical?
  • What is the difference between hematemesis and hemoptysis?

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Suffixes (cont’d.)

  • -rrhage, -rrhagia
  • -rrhaphy
  • -rrhea
  • -spasm
  • -stasis
  • -stenosis
  • -tresia

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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  • Which suffixes also stand alone as a word?
  • Which suffix describes a motion?
  • Which suffix is used in a term that describes flow or discharge?

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Suffixes (cont’d.)

  • Suffixes that are also terms:
  • emesis (emetic)
  • lysis
  • spasm
  • stasis
  • stenosis

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  • Use two of these terms in a sentence.

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

QUICK QUIZ:

1. Which term means difficulty in swallowing?

dysphasia

dysphagia

dysplasia

polyphagia

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

*

Correct answer is B, dysphagia. (a, dysphasia means difficulty speaking; c, dysplasia means abnormal formation or development; d,polyphagia means excessive appetite. See page 184 for more information.

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

QUICK QUIZ:

2. Which term means to control or stop bleeding?

hemostasis

hematoma

hemoptysis

cholestasis

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Correct answer is A, hemostasis. See page 184 for more information.

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Combining Forms and Terminology

  • bucc/o
  • cec/o
  • celi/o
  • cheil/o
  • chol/e
  • cholangi/o
  • cholecyst/o
  • choledoch/o
  • col/o
  • colon/o

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  • “Col/o” is commonly combined with another form. What is it? (colorectal)
  • What is a cholecystectomy?

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  • dent/i
  • duoden/o
  • enter/o
  • esophag/o
  • gastr/o


Combining Forms and Terminology (cont’d)

  • gingiv/o
  • gloss/o
  • glyc/o
  • hepat/o
  • herni/o
  • ile/o

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  • Using the previous suffixes, combine forms to build terms.
  • Which of these terms pertains to the liver?
  • Which pertains to the tongue?
  • Which terms refer to parts of the small intestine?

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Combining Forms and Terminology (cont’d)

  • jejun/o
  • labi/o
  • lingu/o
  • lip/o
  • lith/o
  • odont/o
  • or/o
  • palat/o
  • pancreat/o
  • proct/o

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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  • Using the previous suffixes, combine forms to build terms.
  • Which combining forms are not anatomical for a specific body part? (lip/o, lith/o)

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Combining Forms and Terminology (cont’d)

  • pylor/o
  • rect/o
  • sialaden/o
  • splen/o
  • steat/o
  • stomat/o

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  • What is sialadenitis?
  • What is steatorrhea?
  • What is stomatitis? (Many students believe this is for stomach.)

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

QUICK QUIZ:

3. Which term means enlarged liver?

acromegaly

cardiomegaly

hepatomegaly

hepatitis

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Correct answer is C hepatomegaly. See page 187 for more information.

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Laboratory Tests and
Clinical Procedures

  • Laboratory Tests
  • Liver function tests (LFTs): tests for enzymes and bilirubin in serum
  • Stool culture: tests for microorganisms in stool
  • Stool guaiac or Hemoccult test: detection of blood in feces

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  • What is a screening test for colon cancer? How does it work?
  • Describe the enzymes LFTs measure.

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

QUICK QUIZ:

4. Which tests for the clear fluid that remains after blood has clotted (serum)?

stool guaiac

hemoccult

stool culture

LFT’s

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Correct answer is D LFTs---liver function tests which test for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in serum. See page 188 for more information.

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Laboratory Tests and
Clinical Procedures

  • Clinical Procedures
  • X-rays

Lower gastrointestinal series (barium enema)

Upper gastrointestinal series

Cholangiography

Computed tomography (CT scan)

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  • Which test uses a contrast medium?
  • In a cholangiography, how does the contrast material enter the body?

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Laboratory Tests and
Clinical Procedures

Clinical Procedures

  • Ultrasound Examination

abdominal ultrasonography

  • Magnetic Resonance Techniques

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

  • Radionuclide Studies

Liver scan

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  • Which test is used to examine the gallbladder?
  • Which test creates a scan of the liver?

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Laboratory Tests and
Clinical Procedures

  • Other Procedures
  • Gastric bypass: reduces stomach size
  • Gastrointestinal endoscopy: visual exam of the GI tract
  • Liver biopsy: removal of liver tissue
  • Nasogastric intubation: insertion of tube through the nose into stomach
  • Paracentesis (abdominocentesis): puncture to remove fluid from abdomen

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*

  • Which procedure is a visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract?
  • Which procedure removes fluid after surgery?
  • Which procedure is also called gastrojejunostomy? What is this an example of? (anastomosis)
  • Which procedure is used to pump out stomach contents?

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

QUICK QUIZ:

5. Which procedure described as a surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen?

laparoscopy

laparotomy

abdominectomy

abdominocentesis

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

*

Correct answer is D abdominocentesis---the suffix –centesis means to surgically puncture to remove fluid.

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

ABBREVIATIONS

  • Alk phos: alkaline phosphatase
  • ALT, AST: alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase
  • BE: barium enema
  • BRBPR: bright red blood per rectum
  • BM: bowel movement

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  • Use three of these abbreviations in sentences.
  • Identify suffixes learned in this chapter.
  • What is the medical term for BRBPR? (hematochezia)
  • Which is an imaging test?
  • Which are laboratory tests?

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  • CT scan: computed tomography
  • EGD: esophagogastroduodenoscopy
  • ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
  • GB: gallbladder
  • GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease

ABBREVIATIONS

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What does tomography mean?

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  • GI: gastrointestinal
  • HBV: hepatitis B virus
  • IBD: inflammatory bowel disease
  • LFTs: liver function tests

ABBREVIATIONS

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  • Which of these abbreviations are pathologies?
  • What is the purpose of liver function tests?

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  • MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
  • NG tube: nasogastric tube
  • NPO: nothing by mouth
  • PEG tube: percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube

ABBREVIATIONS

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What is the Latin term for “nothing by mouth”?

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  • PEJ tube: percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy tube
  • PTHC: percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
  • PUD: peptic ulcer disease

ABBREVIATIONS

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  • What is the difference between the PEG tube and the PEJ tube?
  • What are the probable locations of PUD? (stomach, duodenum)

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  • SGOT, SGPT: enzyme tests of liver functions
  • TPN: total parenteral nutrition
  • T tube: tube placed in the biliary tract for drainage

ABBREVIATIONS

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  • Which enzymes are tested to detect liver disease?
  • Which term describes intravenous nutrition? What is included in the formula?

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

REVIEW SUFFIXES

-ase _____________

-centesis _____________

-chezia _____________

-ectasia _____________

-ectasis _____________

-ectomy _____________

-emesis _____________

-emia _____________

-genesis _____________

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  • -ase enzyme
  • -centesis surgical puncture to remove fluid
  • -chezia defecation; elimination of wastes
  • -ectasia stretching; dilation; expansion
  • -ectasis stretching; dilation; expansion
  • -ectomy removal; excision; resection
  • -emesis vomiting
  • -emia blood condition
  • -genesis producing; forming

REVIEW SUFFIXES

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-graphy _____________

-iasis _____________

-lysis _____________

-megaly _____________

-orexia _____________

-pathy _____________

-pepsia _____________

-phagia _____________

REVIEW SUFFIXES

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  • -graphy process of recording
  • -iasis abnormal condition
  • -lysis breakdown; separation; destruction; loosening
  • -megaly enlargement
  • -orexia appetite
  • -pathy disease; emotion
  • -pepsia digestion
  • -phagia eating; swallowing

REVIEW SUFFIXES

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-prandial _____________

-plasty _____________

-ptosis _____________

-ptysis _____________

-rrhage _____________

-rrhagia _____________

-rrhaphy _____________

-rrhea _____________

REVIEW SUFFIXES

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  • -prandial meal
  • -plasty surgical repair
  • -ptosis droop; sag; prolapse; fall
  • -ptysis spitting
  • -rrhage bursting forth (of blood)
  • -rrhagia bursting forth (of blood)
  • -rrhaphy suture
  • -rrhea flow; discharge

REVIEW SUFFIXES

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-scopy _____________

-spasm _____________

-stasis _____________

-stenosis _____________

-stomy _____________

-tomy _____________

-tresia _____________

REVIEW SUFFIXES

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Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  • -scopy visual examination
  • -spasm sudden contraction of muscles
  • -stasis stop; control; place
  • -stenosis tightening; stricture
  • -stomy new opening (to form a mouth)
  • -tomy process of cutting
  • -tresia opening

REVIEW SUFFIXES

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

*

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*

  • Which suffix(es) describe(s) a position?
  • Which suffix(es) describe(s) a motion?
  • Which suffix is used in a term that describes uncontrolled eating?
  • Which suffixes are surgical?
  • What is the difference between hematemesis and hemoptysis?

*

  • Which suffixes also stand alone as a word?
  • Which suffix describes a motion?
  • Which suffix is used in a term that describes flow or discharge?

*

  • Use two of these terms in a sentence.

*

Correct answer is B, dysphagia. (a, dysphasia means difficulty speaking; c, dysplasia means abnormal formation or development; d,polyphagia means excessive appetite. See page 184 for more information.

*

Correct answer is A, hemostasis. See page 184 for more information.

*

  • “Col/o” is commonly combined with another form. What is it? (colorectal)
  • What is a cholecystectomy?

*

  • Using the previous suffixes, combine forms to build terms.
  • Which of these terms pertains to the liver?
  • Which pertains to the tongue?
  • Which terms refer to parts of the small intestine?

*

  • Using the previous suffixes, combine forms to build terms.
  • Which combining forms are not anatomical for a specific body part? (lip/o, lith/o)

*

  • What is sialadenitis?
  • What is steatorrhea?
  • What is stomatitis? (Many students believe this is for stomach.)

*

Correct answer is C hepatomegaly. See page 187 for more information.

*

  • What is a screening test for colon cancer? How does it work?
  • Describe the enzymes LFTs measure.

*

Correct answer is D LFTs---liver function tests which test for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in serum. See page 188 for more information.

*

  • Which test uses a contrast medium?
  • In a cholangiography, how does the contrast material enter the body?

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

  • Which test is used to examine the gallbladder?
  • Which test creates a scan of the liver?

*

  • Which procedure is a visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract?
  • Which procedure removes fluid after surgery?
  • Which procedure is also called gastrojejunostomy? What is this an example of? (anastomosis)
  • Which procedure is used to pump out stomach contents?

*

Correct answer is D abdominocentesis---the suffix –centesis means to surgically puncture to remove fluid.

*

*

*

*

*

  • Use three of these abbreviations in sentences.
  • Identify suffixes learned in this chapter.
  • What is the medical term for BRBPR? (hematochezia)
  • Which is an imaging test?
  • Which are laboratory tests?

*

What does tomography mean?

*

  • Which of these abbreviations are pathologies?
  • What is the purpose of liver function tests?

*

What is the Latin term for “nothing by mouth”?

*

  • What is the difference between the PEG tube and the PEJ tube?
  • What are the probable locations of PUD? (stomach, duodenum)

*

  • Which enzymes are tested to detect liver disease?
  • Which term describes intravenous nutrition? What is included in the formula?

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

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