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AnnotatedOutline.docx

Running head: ANNOTATED OUTLINE 1

ANNOTATED OUTLINE 3

Annotated Outline

Unit 7 Assignment 1

Daniel Anderson

March 1, 2020

Annotated Outline

The Indiana Department of Child Services (IDCS) in the United States protects children from neglect and abuse in Indiana. It achieves this goal through collaboration with communities and families to provide safe, nurturing, and stable homes. Child abuse and neglect are global challenges causing mental, emotional, and physical illnesses. Indiana reports many cases of child abuse, neglect, opioid epidemics, and ongoing investigations of child neglect. The country has a large number of kids in out-of-home care and the highest number of kids being referred to child protection. As a result, of these high numbers, IDCS faces expenditure problems in combating child abuse and neglect, thus a need for the development of policy to streamline cost-effective operations.

Child Abuse and Neglect in the U.S.

a. Meaning of child abuse and neglect

b. Reasons for the existence of the issue

c. Federal government existing plans to combat the issue

d. States where the problem is dominant (California, Texas, Florida, Illinois, New York, and Massachusetts)

van der Kolk, B. A. (2017). This issue: child abuse & victimization. Psychiatric Annals, 35(5), 374-378.

Analysis of Child abuse and Neglect in Indiana

The Concept of Child Abuse and Neglect

· Discussion of underlying assumptions of child abuse and neglect

· Why Indiana has many incidences of child abuse and neglect

· Government and non-governmental organizations in Indiana that deals with child abuse and neglect.

Hudson, Jr, D. L. (2016). Conflicted over Confidentiality: Indiana Ethics Opinion Says Lawyers Not Always Obligated to Report Child Abuse. Child L. Prac., 35, 42.

Potential Consequences of Not Child Abuse and Neglect

a. Short-term effects: Sleep and appetite disturbances, nightmares, separation anxiety, and disruptive behaviors.

b. Long-term impacts (physical, psychological, behavioral, and societal consequences): Stunt physical development (brain damage), depression, low self-esteem, substance use, foster care payments, juvenile and criminal justice systems costs, unhealthy sexual practices.

Afifi, T. O., MacMillan, H. L., Boyle, M., Cheung, K., Taillieu, T., Turner, S., & Sareen, J. (2016). Child abuse and physical health in adulthood. Health Reports, 27, 10–18.

How Child Abuse and Neglect Is Tied to The Organizational Mission

a. The problem and organization mission: Mission is to offer services to and protect kids from abuse and neglect. Child abuse and neglect directly influence the realization of the mission.

b. Reduction of reports on the problem: Provide parents with resources to provide proper parenting to their children to lower the number of cases and reports which the DCS receives.

Evaluation of the Indiana Department of Child Services. (2018, June 18). Retrieved January 22, 2020, from https://www.in.gov/dcs/files/IndianaEvaluationReportCWGFinal.pdf

Analysis of Differing Factors Influencing Child Abuse and Neglect

Parent or Caregiver Factors

1. Personality Characteristics or Mental Health: Abusive or neglectful characteristics include a belief that external forces determine an event that is beyond a person’s control, antisocial behavior, depression, and poor impulse control.

2. History of Abuse: Most of the maltreating parents were once victims of child abuse and neglect in their childhood. Witnessing or experiencing maltreatment enables a person to learn violent practices and how to justify that behavior.

3. Substance Abuse: Discussion of researches that reveals a connection between substance abuse and child maltreatment. In-depth analysis of whether substance abuse is a contributing factor to child abuse and neglect.

4. Parenting Approaches: Analysis of how negative attitudes about kids’ behaviors and inaccurate knowledge about child development play a role in kid maltreatment. Identifying researches that attribute harsh parenting styles (lack of support, high-stress level, and lower economic status) to child abuse and neglect.

Peterson, C., Florence, C., & Klevens, J. (2018). The economic burden of child maltreatment in the United States, 2015. Child Abuse & Neglect, 86, 178–183. DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.09.018

Family Factors

Identification of unique circumstances of families such as domestic violence, single parenting, and stressful life events that increase the chances of child abuse and neglect. Further discussion of family structure (single parenting and low-income families), domestic violence (frequency of spousal abuse), and stressful life events (physical abuse, losing jobs, marital issues, death of a family member, and physical illness).

Monnat, S. M., & Chandler, R. F. (2015). Long-term physical health consequences of adverse childhood experiences. The Sociological Quarterly, 56, 723–752. DOI: 10.1111/ tsq.12107

Illustration of how hostility, anxiety, and depression link with family factors.

Child Factors

a. A clear demonstration of factors such as a kid’s age, mental, physical, emotional, and social development contribute to a high rate of a child’s vulnerability to abuse and neglect.

b. Discussion of the vulnerable age to maltreatment, for instance, between birth to age three

c. Explanation of how physical, cognitive, and emotionally disabled kids are likely to be abused and neglected by their parents and even the community.

d. Description of how the perception of a child being “different” worsens the situation of child abuse and neglect

Environmental Factors

Discussion of poverty and unemployment, social isolation and social support, and community violence as a differing factor influencing child abuse and neglect in Indiana.

Doyle, C., & Cicchetti, D. (2017). From the cradle to the grave: The effect of adverse caregiving environments on attachment and relationships throughout the lifespan. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 24(2), 203–217. Doi: 10.1111/cpsp.12192

Ways of Collecting Perceptions from Differing Sectors of The Community About Alternatives for Addressing Child Abuse and Neglect

a. Face-to-face conversation to ask people from different neighborhoods about how they think the formation of community coalition will address child abuse and neglect

b. Carrying out a windshield survey to determine the effectiveness of supporting parents, caregivers, and families.

Evaluation Ways of Differing Alternatives, providing specific examples of varied perspectives on each alternative to provide a comprehensive understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of each.

Attitude-Based Heuristic

A parent or caregiver’s stored memory is used to select the best option among different alternatives through comparison. For instance, schools, religious organizations, care organizations, and government agencies as a key to the formation of a community coalition to solve the issue and building a caring society.

Alternative-Based Heuristic

A parent goes for the alternative that satisfies his or her need to bring up a child. For instance, is the perception is that the authoritarian parenting approach increases the chances of child abuse, but makes him utilize authority as a parent, he may opt for supported authoritative parenting that balances authority and love for the child.

Metrics for Conducting A Program Evaluation Pre- and Post-Program Implementation

Socioemotional Development

· Socially and emotionally developed parents establish positive relationships and do not encourage child abuse and neglect-based behaviors or practices.

· Identification of whether parents can manage their emotions, calm themselves when angry, and make responsible and safe decisions about their children.

Higher Educational Expectations

· Discussion of whether the success of the program has led to higher performance in schools and reduced dropouts

Reduce the Number of Street Children

· Discussion of the changes in terms of street children in major towns, who are victims of child abuse and neglection

LeTendre, M. L., & Reed, M. B. (2017). The effect of adverse childhood experience on clinical diagnosis of a substance use disorder: Results of a nationally representative study. Substance Use & Misuse, 52, 689–697. DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2016.1253746

An Evaluation of Whether the Problem Analysis Captures and Integrates the Views of Diverse Groups in The Community

· Examining the efforts for arresting suspects of child abuse and neglect

· Determination of whether the law enforcement agencies acting to safeguard the interests of vulnerable kids or suspects?

· Discussion of any child abuse and neglect policies already in place

· Does the analysis involve the key community sectors?

· What are the measures taken to protect young girls?

Analysis of Whether Alternatives Reflect Ethical Behavior on The Part of The Public Agency

· Do the alternatives violate policies of police who record and store information regarding cases of child abuse and neglect?

· Was in which the alternatives support the confidentiality of medical reports from care facilities that handle child abuse-based cases

Logistical Needs for Each of The Proposed Alternatives

a. Formation of Community Coalition

· Religious organizations (clergymen)

· School principals

· Community medical specialists (nurses, clinicians, and doctors)

· Government officials

· Well-framed mentoring programs

· Newsletters, posters, pamphlets, and information sessions

b. Supporting Parents, Caregivers, And Families

· Cars (to facilitate the movement of social workers and community-based organization staff)

· Counselors (to educate parents on good parenting)

· Community social workers

· Grant fund from the state government

· Parent education classrooms

Analysis of The Future Analysis of Each of The Alternative to Determine If the Success Has Been Achieved

a. Formation of Community Coalition

I. Schools implementing child abuse and neglect classes as part of the coalition

II. Government implementing mentoring programs for youth at all schools

III. Non-governmental organizations providing training on stress management approaches for parents

b. Supporting Parents, Caregivers, And Families

I. The government set aside funds to facilitate child abuse-based programs

II. Aid and care agencies visiting various homes to offer financial and moral support to parents struggling with parenting roles

III. Increased community counseling centers accessible to the public

Monnat, S. M., & Chandler, R. F. (2015). Long-term physical health consequences of adverse childhood experiences. The Sociological Quarterly, 56, 723–752. DOI: 10.1111/ tsq.12107

Conclusion

Policies make a state to establish processes of preventing and responding to child abuse and neglect cases. The IDCS has taken steps to prevent its dominance in the Indiana state. IDCS has advocated for legal reforms through new policies in all settings to help in advancing its role of child-abuse prevention and rehabilitation for children. It has emerged as an instrumental in controlling efforts for supporting the interests of abused and neglected kids in Indiana. IDCS has high levels of child abuse and identifies many cases of court in child welfare cases in the United States. However, it has incurred high expenditures in its operations to curb child abuse and neglect; thus, it needs a supportive policy and proper legislative settings to advance its program.

References

Clark, J. R. (2017). Reporting Abuse. Air medical journal, 36(6), 287-289. Doerner, W. G. (2017). Victimology. Routledge.

Doerner, W. G. (2017). Victimology. Routledge.

Doyle, C., & Cicchetti, D. (2017). From the cradle to the grave: The effect of adverse caregiving environments on attachment and relationships throughout the lifespan. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 24(2), 203–217. Doi: 10.1111/cpsp.12192

Emily Allchin, A. J. (2019). The Role of Socioeconomic Interventions in Reducing Exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Systematic Review. Current Epidemiology Reports, 423–441.

Eugene Flango, V. (2015). Can central registries improve substantiation rates in child abuse and neglect cases? Child Abuse & Neglect, 403-413.

Evaluation of the Indiana Department of Child Services. (2018, June 18). Retrieved January 22, 2020, from https://www.in.gov/dcs/files/IndianaEvaluationReportCWGFinal.pdf

LeTendre, M. L., & Reed, M. B. (2017). The effect of adverse childhood experience on clinical diagnosis of a substance use disorder: Results of a nationally representative study. Substance Use & Misuse, 52, 689–697. DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2016.1253746

Mack, J. L. (2019). Indiana has the second-highest child abuse rate in the nation, the report says. https://www.indystar.com/story/news/2019/04/01/report- Indiana-has-second-highest child-abuse-rate-nation/3330020002/

Monnat, S. M., & Chandler, R. F. (2015). Long-term physical health consequences of adverse childhood experiences. The Sociological Quarterly, 56, 723–752. DOI: 10.1111/ tsq.12107

Peterson, C., Florence, C., & Klevens, J. (2018). The economic burden of child maltreatment in the United States, 2015. Child Abuse & Neglect, 86, 178–183. DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.09.018

van der Kolk, B. A. (2017). This issue: child abuse & victimization. Psychiatric Annals, 35(5), 374-378.