Quotes & In-text Citations
watfinoz61jAPA formatting requires the use of in-text citations to avoid plagiarizing and to give credit to the author of that source. The basic in-text citation for a summary or paraphrase is formatted at the end of a sentence where you use information from an outside source with the author's last name and year the piece was published like this: (Smith, 2002). When using a direct quote, you must use the author's last name, year the piece was published and page number or paragraph number like this: (Smith, 2002, p. 3) or (Smith, 2002, para. 4). Always check your sources for page numbers. If you are using a website as a source, you will add the paragraph number instead of the page number (Smith, 2002, para. 4).
Read this paragraph, found in "The Thesis Statement," above:
The thesis statement is also a good test for the scope of your intent. The principle to remember is that when you try to do too much, you end up doing less or nothing at all. Can we write a good paper about problems in higher education in the United States? At best, such a paper would be vague and scattered in its approach. Can we write a good paper about problems in higher education in Connecticut? Well, we're getting there, but that's still an awfully big topic, something we might be able to handle in a book or a Ph.D. dissertations, but certainly not in a paper meant for a Composition course. Can we write a paper about problems within the community college system in Connecticut? Now we're narrowing down to something useful, but once we start writing such a paper, we would find that we're leaving out so much information, so many ideas that even most casual brainstorming would produce, that we're not accomplishing much. What if we wrote about the problem of community colleges iin Connecticut being so close together geographically that they tend to duplicate programs unnecessarily and impinge on one another's turf? Now we have a focus that we can probably write about in a few pages (although more, certainly, could be said) and it would have a good argumentative edge to it. To back up such a thesis statement would require a good deal of work, however, and we might be better off if we limited the discussion to an example of how two particular community colleges tend to work in conflict with each other. It's not a matter of being lazy; it's a matter of limiting our discussion to the work that can be accomplished within a certain number of pages.
Write a paraphrase in your own words discussing how to strengthen a thesis by narrowing the topic of an essay. Use at least one direct quote from the paragraph you just read, and be sure to use APA citation format. See the Purdue OWL for specifics about citing a work with no author.
Remember to follow the Discussion Board Rubric and the criteria in the Syllabus.
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