TCO A) Suppose you are hired to manage a small manufacturing facility that produces Widgets.


(a.) You know from data collected on the Widget Market that market demand has recently
decreased and market supply has recently increased. As manager of the facility, what decisions
should you make regarding production levels and pricing for your Widget facility?
Remember that supply and demand are about the market supply and market demand, which is
bigger than your own company. You are being given data on supply and demand for the whole
market, and are being asked what effect that has on you as a small part of that market.


(b.) Now, suppose that following the supply and demand changes in (a), a substitute good goes
down in price, and your costs of production decrease. What new decisions will you make
regarding production levels and pricing for your Widget facility?
(TCO B) Here is some data on the demand for marshmallows:
Price
$10
$8
$6
$4
$2

Quantity
1 100
1 300
1 700
2 300
3 100

(a.) Is demand elastic or inelastic in the $6-$8 price range? How do you know?
(b.) If the table represents the demand faced by a monopoly firm, then what is that firms
marginal revenue as it increases output from 1700 units to 2300 units? Show all work.
TCO C) You have been hired to manage a small manufacturing facility which has cost and
production data given in the table below.
Total
Total
Workers Labor Cost
Output Revenue
1
$500
100
$700
2
1000
280
1150
3
1500
440
1440
4
2000
540
1570
5
2500
600
1670
6
3000
630
1710
7
3500
640
1730
(a.) What is the marginal product of the second worker?
(b.) What is the marginal revenue product of the fourth worker?
(c.) What is the marginal cost of the first worker?

(d.) Based on your knowledge of marginal analysis, how many workers should you hire? Explain
you answer.
TCO C) Answer the next questions on the basis of the following cost data for a firm in pure
competition:
OUTPUT ------ TFC ---------- TVC
0
$100.00
0.00
1
100.00
70.00
2
100.00
120.00
3
100.00
150.00
4
100.00
220.00
5
100.00
300.00
6
100.00
390.00
(a.) Refer to the above data. If the product price is $75, at its optimal output, will the firm realize
an economic profit, break even, or incur an economic loss? How much will the profit or loss be?
Show all calculations.
(b.) Refer to the above data. If the product price is $100, at its optimal output, will the firm
realize an economic profit, break even, or incur an economic loss? How much will the profit or
loss be? Show all calculations.
(TCO D) A software producer has fixed costs of $18,000 per month and her Total Variable
Costs (TVC) as a function of output Q are given below:
Q
TVC
Price
1,000
$15,000
$25
2,000
20,000
24
3,000
30,000
23
4,000
50,000
22
5,000
80,000
20
(a.) If software can only be produced in the quantities above, what should be the production level
if the producer operates in a monopolistic competitive market where the price of software at each
possible quantity is also listed above? Why? (Show all work).
(b.) What should be the production level if fixed costs rose to $48,000 per month? Explain.

(TCO F)

(a.) Suppose nominal GDP in 1999 was $100 billion and in 2001 it was $260 billion. The
general price index in 1999 was 100, and in 2001 it was 180. Between 1999 and 2001, the real
GDP rose by what percent?
(b.) Use the following scenario to answer questions (b1) and (b2).
In a given year in the United States, the total number of residents is 230 million, the number of
residents under the age of 16 is 38 million, the number of institutionalized adults is 15 million,
the number of adults who are not looking for work is 27 million, and the number of unemployed
is 12 million.
(b1.) Refer to the data in the above Scenario. What is the size of the labor force in the United
States for the given year?
(b2.) Refer to the data in the above Scenario. What is the unemployment rate in the United
States for the given year?
(TCO G and H)
(a.) What are the arguments for and against the use of fiscal policy to fight inflation, lower
unemployment, and raise GDP (Keynesian and Monetarist)?
(b.) Any change in the economys total expenditures would be expected to translate into a change
in GDP that was larger than the initial change in spending. This phenomenon is known as the
multiplier effect. Explain how the multiplier effect works.
(c.) You are told that 80 cents out of every extra dollar pumped into the economy goes toward
consumption (as opposed to saving). Estimate the GDP impact of a positive change in
government spending that equals $10 billion.
(TCO G)
(a.) Third National Bank is fully loaned up with reserves of $20,000 and demand deposits equal
to $100,000. The reserve ratio is 20%. Households deposit $5,000 in currency into the bank.
How much excess reserves does the bank now have, and what is the maximum amount of new
money that can be created in the banking system as a result of this deposit? Show all work.
(b.) What is the discount rate in the banking system, and explain how the Fed manipulates this
rate in order to achieve macroeconomic objectives.

TCO E and I) Let the exchange rate be defined as the number of dollars per British pound.
Assume there is a decrease in U.S. interest rates relative to that of Britain.

(a.) Would this event cause the demand for the dollar to increase or decrease relative to the
demand for the pound? Why?
(b.) Has the dollar appreciated or depreciated in value relative to the pound?
(c.) Does this change in the value of the dollar make imports cheaper or more expensive for
Americans? Are American exports cheaper or more expensive for importers of U.S. goods in
Great Britain? Illustrate by showing the price of a U.S. cell phone in Britain, before and after the
change in the exchange rate.
(d.) If you had a business exporting goods to Britain, and U.S. interest rates fell as they have in
this example, would you plan to expand production or cut back? Why?

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