1. | Formal factors that influence decision-making at the dispositional stage are: a. [removed] the values and philosophy of the judge. | b. [removed] the social and racial background of the offender. | c. [removed] the social study investigator. | d. [removed] both the values and philosophy of the judge and the social and racial background of the offender. |
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2. | The Juvenile Justice Standards Project recommended that juvenile offenses should be divided into: a. [removed] 5 classes, 3 for felonies and 2 for misdemeanors. | b. [removed] 5 classes, 2 for felonies and 3 for misdemeanors. | c. [removed] 3 classes, 2 for felonies and 1 for misdemeanors. | d. [removed] 2 classes, 1 for felonies and 1 for misdemeanors. |
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3. | Thomas F. Geraghty argues that: a. [removed] the juvenile court should be abolished. | b. [removed] the juvenile court should provide juveniles with more procedural protections. | c. [removed] adult court will easily adapt to the needs of juveniles. | d. [removed] none of the choices apply. |
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4. | The court decision that formalized parens patriae was: a. [removed] In re Gault. | b. [removed] ex parte Crouse. | c. [removed] In re Winship. | d. [removed] Kent v. United States. |
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5. | Youths most likely to be assigned to community programs are: a. [removed] racial minorities. | b. [removed] lower class youths. | c. [removed] middle class youths. | d. [removed] ethnic minorities. |
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6. | In McKeiver v. Pennsylvania, the U.S. Supreme Court denied the right of juveniles to have jury trials because: a. [removed] all rights constitutionally guaranteed to adults are not to be given to juveniles. | b. [removed] trials could well take away the intimate, informal, protective proceedings. | c. [removed] nothing prevents judges from using jury trials if they wish. | d. [removed] all of the choices apply. |
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7. | Bail is: a. [removed] not a form of punishment. | b. [removed] used to guarantee youths will show up for their hearings. | c. [removed] used to impress upon the child that a serious crime occurred. | d. [removed] both not a form of punishment and used to guarantee youths will show up for their hearings. |
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8. | Critics argue that the juvenile court: a. [removed] has not had an effect in reducing or stemming juvenile crime. | b. [removed] has, as its sole contribution to juvenile justice, brought justice and compassion to youthful offenders. | c. [removed] has not succeeded in rehabilitating juvenile offenders. | d. [removed] both has not had an effect in reducing or stemming juvenile crime and has, as its sole contribution to juvenile justice, brought justice and compassion to youthful offenders. |
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9. | Judges may place youths in: a. [removed] adult prisons, training schools, and forestry camps. | b. [removed] mental hospitals, private clinics, and county jails. | c. [removed] medium and maximum security training schools. | d. [removed] all of the choices apply. |
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10. | Which of these is not a role that defense attorneys play? a. [removed] An advocate for the child | b. [removed] An assistant to the court with responsibilities to children | c. [removed] A guardian or parent surrogate to the child | d. [removed] A preliminary hearing referee |
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11. | An advantage of a bifurcated hearing is that: a. [removed] a judge can decide upon guilt or innocence and impose a sentence at the same time. | b. [removed] a judge can base his or her sentence on more complete information. | c. [removed] it eliminates judicial bias totally. | d. [removed] all of the choices apply. |
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12. | Many juvenile court judges today are quite concerned about the proposed Justice Standards recommendations because they believe that: a. [removed] the standards attack the underlying philosophy and structure of the juvenile court. | b. [removed] the needs of children will be neglected in the long run. | c. [removed] it is not possible to treat all children alike. | d. [removed] all of the choices apply. |
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13. | An example of one informal sanction is: a. [removed] community service in lieu of detention. | b. [removed] preventive detention as a result of child abuse. | c. [removed] involuntary probation supervision. | d. [removed] all of the choices apply. |
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14. | The most secure facility to which judges can send a youth is the: a. [removed] state training school. | b. [removed] forestry camp. | c. [removed] detention home. | d. [removed] day camp. |
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15. | The kind of modern sentencing structure that allows criminal or juvenile courts to impose either juvenile or adult sentences, or sentences both, is called a(n): a. [removed] mandatory sentencing structure. | b. [removed] blended sentencing structure. | c. [removed] graduated sentencing structure. | d. [removed] accountability based sentence structure. |
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16. | Which of the following is/are an argument(s) for the removal of status offenders from the juvenile court? a. [removed] The lack of clarity of the status offenders statutes makes them unnecessarily vague. | b. [removed] Status offenders are often confined with hard core offenders. | c. [removed] The processing of offenders is in their best interests. | d. [removed] Both the lack of clarity of the status offenders statutes makes them unnecessarily vague and status offenders are often confined with hard core offenders. |
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17. | Critics of the "leniency" of the juvenile court generally would be most concerned if a juvenile were assigned to: a. [removed] informal probation. | b. [removed] formal probation. | c. [removed] house arrest. | d. [removed] a juvenile community residential facility. |
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18. | The Breed v. Jones case dealt with the issue of: a. [removed] constitutionality of confession to the police. | b. [removed] the constitutionality of jury trials. | c. [removed] double jeopardy. | d. [removed] "proof beyond a reasonable doubt." |
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19. | A youth who admits to being on drugs at his or her trial: a. [removed] is automatically sentenced to detention. | b. [removed] is evaluated by the judge to determine whether he or she is too impaired to continue the trial. | c. [removed] is automatically sent to drug rehabilitation. | d. [removed] both is automatically sentenced to detention and is evaluated by the judge to determine whether he or she is too impaired to continue the trial. |
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20. | The youths most likely to stay the longest in juvenile institutions are the: a. [removed] sex offenders. | b. [removed] status offenders. | c. [removed] violent offenders. | d. [removed] aggressive offenders. |
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