answer these two question and show work please

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Brief Exercise 13-8 (Essay)
Vertical analysis (common-size) percentages for Vallejo Company’s sales, cost of goods sold, and expenses are listed here.

Vertical Analysis
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
Sales 
100
% 
100
% 
100
%
Cost of goods sold 
60.2
  
63.6
  
66.8
 
Expenses 
25.7
  
27.7
  
29.3
 

Did Vallejo’s net income as a percent of sales increase, decrease, or remain unchanged over the 3-year period? Provide numerical support for your answer.


 

 

 

 

Brief Exercise 13-8 (Essay)
Vertical analysis (common-size) percentages for Vallejo Company’s sales, cost of goods sold, and expenses are listed here.

Vertical Analysis
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
Sales 
100
% 
100
% 
100
%
Cost of goods sold 
60.2
  
63.6
  
66.8
 
Expenses 
25.7
  
27.7
  
29.3
 

Did Vallejo’s net income as a percent of sales increase, decrease, or remain unchanged over the 3-year period? Provide numerical support for your answer.

 

 

 

 

 

Brief Exercise 13-9 (Essay)

Horizontal analysis (trend analysis) percentages for Spartan Company’s sales, cost of goods sold, and expenses are listed here.

Horizontal Analysis
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
Sales 96.2% 104.8% 100.0%
Cost of goods sold 101.0  98.0  100.0 
Expenses 105.6  95.4  100.0 

Explain whether Spartan’s net income increased, decreased, or remained unchanged over the 3-year period.

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