Final Exam
h.agarCentral Group Presentation Nepal, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh
Jennifer Gill, Bruce Rash, Joshua Williams, Kevin Goss, Eboni Frederick-Pett, Eilea Delgadillo
Political/economic geography
Political and Economic Geography – Himachal Pradesh
Key Facts:
GNP per capita: $375
70 % of people work in agriculture
A success story of investment leading to greater prosperity
Comprised of 30 princely states before 1947
In 1947 became province, then state in Indian Republic
Map of Cash Crops in Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Agriculture: 45% GDP
Most important economic sectors:
Agriculture
Power (hydropower)
Industry
Governor: Raj Bhavan
Founded: 25th January, 1971
Political parties:
Indian National Congress
Bhartiya Janata Party
Himachal Lokhit Party
Independent Parties
Political and Economic Geography – Uttarakhand
Key facts:
GNP per capita: $240
Tourism a large part of economy:
Pilgrimmages to numerous holy sites, Hill Stations and wildlife reserves draw vacationers in summer
27th state of India: Carved out of 13 northern districts of Indian state of Uttar Pradesh
Map of Tourist sites, religious places, and National Parks in Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand
Formed on 11/9/00 as the 27th State of India
Economy relies mainly on tourism and agriculture
Economic growth is also tied to:
Mineral resources
Industry
Real Estate
Fishing
Political parties:
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
Indian National Congress (INC)
Governor: Aziz Qureshi
Political and Economic Geography - Nepal
Key facts:
GNP per capita: $200
Heavily dependent on remittances: 22- 25% of total GDP
70 % of people work in agriculture
United in 1768 by Prithvi Narayan Shah
Rana dynasty usurps power from 1846 to 1953, hereditary control of government positions
Timeline of major events in Nepali politics
1953-1996: Failed attempts at constitutional monarchy based on that of Britain
1996 – 2006: Civil War, Maoist Insurgency fights to end constitutional monarchy and establish democratic republic
2008: Monarchy was abolished and democratic republic was established
Nepal
Monarchy until May 2008
Now a Republic
President: Ram Baran Yadav
Prime minister: Sushil Koirala
GDP Per Capita (2012): $1300
GDP composition by sector:
agriculture: 38.1% industry: 15.3% services: 46.6% (2012 est.)
Political parties:
Nepali Congress
Communist Party of Nepal
Sources
The Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook – South Asia: Nepal. n.d. Accessed 22 July 2014. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/np.html
Himachal Pradesh Government, India. Himachal Pradesh The Official Website. Economic Survey of
Himachal Pradesh 2013-2014. n.d. Accessed 22 July 2014.
http://admis.hp.nic.in/himachal/economics/pdfs/ESEng2013-14_A1b.pdf
“Nepal Profile.” BBC News South Asia. 22 January 2014. Accessed 22 July 2014.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-12499391
Uttarakhand Government portal. Welcome to Uttarakhand. 22 July 2014. Accessed 22 July 2014.
http://uk.gov.in/home/index1
“Uttarakhand Economy.” Maps of India.com. 4 Mar. 2013. Accessed 22 July 2014.
http://www.mapsofindia.com/uttarakhand/government/economy.html
Zurick, David. Illustrated atlas of the Himalaya. India Research Press. 2006. p 5, 15.
Planning Commision. Government of India. Himachal Pradesh: A profile. (n.d).Accessed 22 July 2014. http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/stateplan/sdr_hp/sdr_hpch1.pdf
Maps and Images in Order of Appearance:
Cover map: National Geographic, Esri, DeLorme, HERE, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN,
GEBCO, NOAA, increment P Corp.
http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/himachalpradesh/himachalpradeshagriculture.htm
http://www.mapsofindia.com/uttarakhand/travel/
http://www.nepalvista.com/features/history/
Sources
http://www.nepal.gov.np/portal/npgea/
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-12499391
http://www.indexmundi.com/nepal/economy_profile.html
http:// www.mapsofindia.com/uttarakhand/government/economy.html
http:// www.webindia123.com/himachal/economy/agriculture.htm
http:// www.webindia123.com/himachal/economy/industry.htm
http:// www.webindia123.com/himachal/economy/power.htm
http:// www.probharat.com/india/states/maps/himachal-pradesh-political-map.php
Physical geography
General Ecology
4 extremely diverse biomes
Terai
The Hills
The Central Valleys
The Midlands and mountain area
http://www.greatholidaysnepal.com/images/nepal-map.jpg
Agriculture
Principle cereal crops
Rice
Maize
Wheat
Millet
Cash crops
Sugarcane
Potato
Oilseed
Tea
Cardamom
Fruit
Tropical fruit
Citrus, mango, banana, guava
Temperate fruit
Apple, pear, peach, plum, cherry
Livestock
Cattle
Buffalo
Sheep
Goat
Poultry
http://www.ldcom.com/files/9113/5475/5868/oilseed_case_LARGE.jpg
Conservation Efforts
Environmental degradation
Protected areas
National parks
National reserves
Conservation areas
Local initiatives
http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/wildlife/uttaranchal-wildlife-map.gif
Sources
Kumari, Priti, Lalit M. Tewari, and Bibhesh K. Singh. "Biodiversity in Uttrakhand Himalaya Region." Nature and Science 7.3 (2009): 113-25. Sciencepub. 17 Feb. 2009. Web. 23 July 2014.
"LiveStock Demography." Official Website Of Department of Animal Husbandry Govt. Of Uttarakhand. Department of Animal Husbandry, Government Of Uttarakhand, India, 2013. Web. 23 July 2014.
Metz, John J. "A Reassessment of the Causes and Severity of Nepal's Environmental Crisis." World Development 19.7 (1991): 805-20. Web. 21 July 2014.
"Nepal Biodiversity Strategy." Convention on Biological Diversity. His Majesty's Government of Nepal, 2002. Web. 21 July 2014.
"Nepal." SD : People : Asia's Women in Agriculture, Environment and Rural Production :. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, n.d. Web. 21 July 2014.
Tessari, Filippo. "Nepal's Natural Resources." Eni Scuola. Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, n.d. Web. 21 July 2014.
"WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT." Uttarakhand Forest Government of Uttarakhand. Forest Department, Government of Uttarakhand, n.d. Web. 23 July 2014.
Cultural geography Indigenous Medicine
Medical and Aromatic Plants
MAPs are cultivated as a sustainable revenue source for the people of Uttarakhand
Cash crops in the mountain region have been declining for the past few decades (1)
MAPs cultivation of wild plants allows the locals to make a living on existing natural resources
Traditional Uses
There are very few medical centers in the rural Central Himalaya region (2)
Most of the people are dependent on Vaidhyas (traditional herbal practitioners) for treating diseases and ailments (2)
Besides Vaidyas, elder villagers have sound knowledge about medicinal values of at least one plant (2)
Species are very often used for common diseases like cough, cold, fever, viral fever, headache, stomachache, diarrhea, dysentery, minor wounds and cuts. (2)
Cultivation
Bhotia people gather plants from their native habitat careful not to collect plants that are infested with insects or pests; or that suffer from hail damage, sunstroke, fire, floods, high velocity winds or toxicity. The plants are also gathered based other criteria the height, maturity, branch patterning, and morphological characteristics. These measures are taken to prevent medicinal plants from dying off in their natural habitat (3)
Indigenous knowledge is key to the survival of the indigenous populations and sustainable development in the Central Himalaya region(3)
Sources
1. Chauhan, R. S. (2010). Socioeconomic Improvement through Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) Cultivation in Uttarakhand, India. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 647-658.
2. Phondani, P. (2009). Medicinal Plants Used in the Health Care System Practiced by Traditional Vaidyas in Alaknanda Catchment of Uttarakhand, India. Uttarakhand: G.B. Plant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development.
3. Samal, P. K., Dhyani, P. P., & Dollo, M. (2010). Indigenous medicinal practices of Bhotia tribal community in Indian. Indian Journal Of Traditional Knowledge, 140-144.
Photos in order of appearance:
http:// paramparik.blogspot.com/2013/12/vomiting-would-come-on-medicinal-rice.html
http://cms.herbalgram.org/herbalgram/issue70/article2969.html http:// www.downtoearth.org.in/content/forgotten-healers
Cultural geography
Nepal
Estimated population about 26 million
Original inhabitants mostly migrated from Northern India’s Garwhal and Kashmir
Majority of population is located in Central Highlands
As of 2008, Nepal was host to 130,000 refugees from China and Bhutan, though the government later restricted this population to 7 refugee camps throughout the country, and most were not permitted to work in Nepal.
Major languages are Indo-Aryan, Tibeto-Burman, Mongolian & various indigenous languages
Major religion is Hindu
Himachal Pradesh
Least urbanized state in India, 90% of population lives in rural areas.
Official language is Hindi, however most of the population speaks Pahari
Due to terrain, the state has remained largely isolated until recent developments in technology.
Area is widely known for its art & crafts: leatherwork, textiles, paintings, woodwork, etc.
One of the highest ranked states for literacy in India
Uttarakhand
Widely known as a capital for Hindu temples and pilgrimage sites in Northern India
20th most populated state in India
Two major native populations: Garwhali and Kumaoni, based on two distinct geocultural regions in the state
Known for classic Hindi literature and folk dance
Central Events Cultural news for central himalaya
Urban Central Himalaya
Urban Center Population Literacy Kathmandu 975,000 90% Dehradun 714,000 86% Biratnagar 700,000 79% Portland, OR 603,000 97%
Western Nightlife, Music, Dancing, Film & Art
Rafting, Water Parks, Kayaking (Not just Trekking!)
Kathmandu Live Music ends at 10:00 PM!
Current Events in Mid-2014 (Headlines in Central Himalaya/Nepalese Newspapers)
First Lot of Anti-Snake Venom Arrives Today It’s Snake Season!!! Kathmandu
Adulterated Engine Oil Sellers Arrested - Trio mixed substandard material into motor oil
Two Chinese Copters Violated Uttarakhand LAC April and June 2014 China Violated Air Space
2nd Quake This Week Hits Pithoragarh - Uttarakhand 4.5 Quake - Darma, Johar Valleys on Alert
Current Events in Mid-2014
Himachal Pradesh Lashed by Rains, Snow Temperature Dips
24 Hyderabad Engineering Students Drown Hydro-electric Dam Managers Didn’t Warn of Water Release, Criminal Charges Likely
Women Empowerment in Forest Development Agencies in Himachal Pradesh Women Given Greater Role in Forest Dev.
Sources
The Himalayan Times http://thehimalayantimes.com/fullNews.php?headline=First+lot+of+anti-snake+venom++arriving+in+Capital+today&NewsID=421717 http://thehimalayantimes.com/fullNews.php?headline=Adulterated++engine+oil++sellers+arrested&NewsID=422066
ZEE News http://zeenews.india.com/news/uttarakhand/no-let-up-in-rains-in-uttarakhand_949151.html http://zeenews.india.com/news/uttarakhand/two-chinese-choppers-entered-uttarakhand-in-april-june_947565.html http://zeenews.india.com/news/himachal-pradesh/heavy-downpour-lash-himachal-pradesh_947977.html http://zeenews.india.com/news/himachal-pradesh/24-hyderabad-students-feared-drowned-in-himachal-ndrf-teams-rush-to-rescue_938024.html
International Journal of Farm Sciences 2014 http://web.inflibnet.ac.in/ojs/index.php/IJFS/article/view/2223