my topic is Youth Unemployment

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Organization

 

Getting started (review)

  • Choosing topics—ethical, legal, appropriate for classroom, interesting

 

  • Purpose—inform, persuade, engage audience to accomplish goal

            EX. To inform the audience about the ingredients and process for making sweet    grain bars.

 

  • Thesis statement—concise statement summarizing main ideas

EX. There are six ingredients necessary and 4 steps to follow to make sweet grain bars.

 

 

Once you have your focus, think and create/ make content decisions. . .

 

Start with Body of speech (main ideas)

            Each main point should be clearly indicated and you should support/explain it.

            (a good speech is like a pencil—it needs to have a point)

 

            If you list your main points and it is more than 2-3, probably have some      subordinate ideas listed also.

           

See choosing main points from list of all points exercise (preparing for backpacking trip)

 

            Traditional organizational formats:

            Review from book

                        Chronological—time (past, present, future)

                        Spatial—geographical layout, directional pattern (golf club has grip, shaft,              head; earth’s atmosphere has troposphere, stratosphere, ionosphere/all                               outer layers)

                        Causal—cause and effect

                        Problem-solution

                        Topical—enumeration of most important aspects, no interrelationship                                  (duties of President of US)

 

           

How could these topics be organized?

                        How the solar system is designed—spatial

                        Required courses for degree in communication—topical, chron

                        How hurricanes are formed—causal, chron

                        How human nervous system works—spatial, topical, causal

 

See critical thinking exercises photocopy to practice identifying patterns

 

EX. Create two different speeches for the topic of “music” using 2 different patterns

 

Introduction—4 parts

            Narrative/ “Attention-getter”

                        Startling statement (similarities except ex con = prison life)

                        Rhetorical question (how would you feel if. . .)

                        Quotation (Neil Armstrong and space program)

                        Humor—be very careful

            Reason to listen (more than ‘significance”)

                        Relevant to audience

Ex. what is the relevance to this audience of cultural impact of gambling, soap operas,  illiteracy)

                                    NEXT, write reason to listen for your own topic.

            Establish credibility—what are your qualifications? Why should we listen to you?

 

            Preview main points—list them

 

Conclusion3 parts

            Review main points—repeat them

            Reason to remember—what should the audience “take away”

            Peroration--tie back to attention-getter—psychological closure

 

Structure

Pattern worksheets exercise shows value of revealing organization

 

During presentation—make organization clear through structure! Easier to comprehend presentation, we can “track” with information.

            How? Transitions—summarize previous, introduce next

Indicate relationship between ideas such as series, contrast, consequence, part-whole

            Preview/review, signposts—one or two words like “next”, “first”

 

 

Tool for making and recording these decisions—outlining!!

 


 

Outlining

Tool to structure speech on paper, make content decisions, and start practicing presentation=preparation outline.

Not for my benefit but yours—start with outline! Document your decisions

 

2 types—speaking outline (notes) and preparation outline.

·         Speaking outline= notecard

o   One, white, 3x5, one-side, card

·         Preparation outline

o   Full content/ full sentence

4 principles of outlining (see worksheet): define then apply

1.       Subordination—prioritizing importance and detail level of content, explanations are subordinate to main IDEAS, want balance

2.       Symbols—system to follow, each symbol indicates one idea/point, use letters, not bullets to help organize sequence of ideas

3.       Indentation—visual tool

4.       Parallelism—clarity, wording the same to check location/organization

Principles in action

Sample outline n library sections to fit statements into pre-set outline structure

 

 

As you are thinking and creating content decisions, also consider presentation aids…

 

 

 

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